The determination of the opening date for waterfowl hunting in Louisiana is a complex process influenced by several factors, primarily federal guidelines and state-level considerations. The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF) works in conjunction with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to establish dates that align with migratory bird patterns and ensure sustainable hunting practices. While a fixed calendar date does not exist, the season typically commences in November.
The timing of the season is crucial for both conservation and recreational purposes. Setting the season too early could impact migrating populations before they reach peak numbers in the state. Conversely, delaying the start could limit hunting opportunities. Biologists analyze data from breeding ground surveys, population estimates, and migration patterns to propose a season framework that optimizes both hunter success and waterfowl management. Historical data and hunter feedback also play a significant role in the decision-making process.
Further details on specific zones, bag limits, and regulations are typically released by the LDWF in the late summer or early fall each year. Hunters are advised to consult the official LDWF website and hunting regulations pamphlets for the most current and accurate information regarding the upcoming waterfowl hunting periods. Checking these official sources will provide clarity on the permissible hunting dates and ensure compliance with all applicable laws.
1. November initiation
The phrase “November initiation” serves as a significant, though not absolute, temporal marker in addressing the question of “when does duck season start in Louisiana.” While specific dates fluctuate annually based on federal and state regulations as well as biological data, the month of November consistently represents the typical commencement of waterfowl hunting opportunities within the state. This timing is not arbitrary; it aligns with the peak arrival of migratory waterfowl species in Louisiana, as dictated by established migratory patterns and influenced by colder temperatures in northern breeding grounds. The “November initiation” is a consequence of these environmental and ecological factors, creating a predictable window for hunting activity.
Understanding this temporal element is of practical significance for hunters planning their activities. While reliance solely on “November initiation” would be imprudent due to the possibility of shifts in the precise start date, it provides a useful reference point. For example, hunters begin preparing equipment, scouting locations, and securing licenses well in advance of November, using this timeframe as a general guideline. Furthermore, businesses that cater to hunting, such as retailers of hunting gear and outfitters, gear their operations around this expected start date. The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF) also focuses its communication and enforcement efforts toward this period, ensuring regulatory compliance among hunters.
In summary, while the exact opening date varies, the “November initiation” is a vital component in understanding the annual waterfowl hunting calendar in Louisiana. It is influenced by migratory patterns and regulatory frameworks, serving as a valuable practical marker for hunters, businesses, and regulatory agencies alike. This understanding, however, must always be coupled with consultation of official LDWF announcements for the precise season dates to ensure compliance and responsible hunting practices.
2. Federal framework
The commencement of waterfowl hunting seasons, including the specific determination of “when does duck season start in Louisiana,” is significantly influenced by the “Federal framework” established by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). This federal agency provides a set of guidelines and constraints within which individual states, such as Louisiana, must operate when setting their hunting season dates. The USFWS establishes broad frameworks based on scientific data related to waterfowl populations, migration patterns, and habitat conditions across the Mississippi Flyway and other regions. These frameworks ensure that hunting seasons are structured in a manner that promotes sustainable waterfowl management and prevents overharvesting.
The practical implication of this “Federal framework” is evident in the limitations placed on Louisiana’s ability to unilaterally determine its hunting season dates. The state must select dates that fall within the permissible window established by the USFWS. For instance, the USFWS might specify a range of permissible opening dates, and Louisiana can then choose a specific date within that range based on its own state-specific considerations, such as local weather patterns, habitat conditions, and hunter preferences. The bag limits and season lengths are also subject to federal oversight, aiming to maintain waterfowl populations at sustainable levels across the broader flyway. This process is exemplified in the collaborative setting of waterfowl hunting regulations, wherein Louisiana’s Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF) must work within the prescribed framework.
In conclusion, the “Federal framework” is an essential component of “when does duck season start in Louisiana.” It provides the overarching structure that ensures responsible and sustainable management of waterfowl resources. While Louisiana has some flexibility in selecting specific dates, it operates within the bounds established by the USFWS. Understanding the relationship between the “Federal framework” and state-level decision-making is crucial for comprehending the overall process of establishing hunting seasons and maintaining healthy waterfowl populations. Ignoring the need for USFWS and LDWF co-operation can also lead to problems in the regulatory efforts.
3. State regulations
Louisiana’s specific waterfowl hunting regulations, promulgated by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF), are critical in determining “when does duck season start in Louisiana.” While the federal framework provides the broad guidelines, the state regulations establish the precise dates, zones, bag limits, and other rules that govern duck hunting within Louisiana’s borders.
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Zone Designations
Louisiana is often divided into different hunting zones, each potentially having distinct opening and closing dates for waterfowl season. These zone designations are based on geographical considerations and the migratory patterns of ducks within those regions. The LDWF uses data on habitat conditions and waterfowl distribution to define these zones and adjust season dates accordingly, optimizing hunting opportunities while protecting vulnerable populations in specific areas. This means that the answer to “when does duck season start in Louisiana” may be different depending on which zone one is considering.
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Bag Limits and Species Restrictions
State regulations also dictate the daily and seasonal bag limits for various duck species. These limits are based on population assessments and are designed to prevent overharvesting of specific species that may be experiencing population declines. Regulations may also include restrictions on the hunting of certain species or mandate specific hunting methods. The interplay of population studies and restriction implementations are critical to maintaining the sustainability of duck populations within Louisiana.
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Shooting Hours and Legal Methods
Louisianas hunting regulations specify the permissible shooting hours for waterfowl hunting, typically beginning a half-hour before sunrise and ending at sunset. The regulations also detail the legal methods of take, including permissible firearms, ammunition types, and the use of decoys and blinds. Adherence to these regulations is crucial for hunter safety and ethical hunting practices. Such regulations directly influence the hunting window available and, in turn, the optimal time for “when does duck season start in Louisiana.”
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Licensing and Permits
The LDWF mandates that all waterfowl hunters possess the appropriate licenses and permits, including a basic hunting license, a state waterfowl stamp, and a federal duck stamp. These requirements ensure that hunters are aware of and compliant with all applicable regulations. Revenue generated from license and permit sales is used to fund waterfowl conservation efforts, habitat management, and law enforcement activities within the state. These licensing requirements are a foundational component of the regulated hunting practices for answering “when does duck season start in Louisiana.”
The intersection of these various components of state regulations ultimately determines the specific dates and rules governing duck hunting in Louisiana. By carefully considering biological data, habitat conditions, and hunter input, the LDWF aims to establish regulations that balance recreational opportunities with the long-term sustainability of waterfowl populations. Therefore, to know “when does duck season start in Louisiana”, one must always refer to the official publication of LDWF regulations.
4. Migratory patterns
The timing of waterfowl migration directly influences the determination of “when does duck season start in Louisiana.” The state’s hunting seasons are strategically aligned with the peak periods of waterfowl presence, ensuring optimal hunting opportunities while minimizing impacts on breeding populations. Understanding these migratory patterns is paramount for effective management of the resource.
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Peak Migration Timing
Louisiana lies within the Mississippi Flyway, a major migratory route for numerous waterfowl species. Peak migration typically occurs from late October through December, as ducks move southward to escape freezing temperatures and dwindling food resources in their northern breeding grounds. The LDWF uses historical data and real-time monitoring to track the arrival and distribution of ducks within the state. Consequently, the commencement of hunting seasons is frequently scheduled to coincide with these established migration peaks to maximize hunter success.
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Species-Specific Movements
Different duck species exhibit varying migration patterns. For instance, mallards and gadwalls often arrive earlier in the season compared to later migrants such as canvasbacks or scaup. The LDWF considers these species-specific movements when setting hunting season dates and bag limits. This ensures that hunting pressure is appropriately distributed across different species, preventing overharvest of late-arriving or less abundant populations.
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Weather Influences
Weather patterns in both the northern breeding grounds and within Louisiana can significantly impact migration timing. Early cold snaps or heavy snowfall in the north can trigger earlier and more concentrated migrations, while mild conditions can delay the arrival of waterfowl. Similarly, weather events within Louisiana, such as hurricanes or droughts, can alter habitat conditions and affect duck distribution. The LDWF monitors weather forecasts and adjusts hunting season dates accordingly to account for these dynamic environmental factors.
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Habitat Availability
The availability of suitable habitat, including wetlands and agricultural fields, plays a crucial role in attracting and retaining migrating waterfowl within Louisiana. Degradation or loss of habitat can disrupt migration patterns and reduce duck numbers in certain areas. The LDWF actively manages and restores wetland habitats to provide adequate food and shelter for migrating waterfowl. The success of these habitat management efforts directly influences the distribution and abundance of ducks, which in turn impacts decisions regarding hunting season dates and zone designations.
The alignment of duck hunting seasons with the established “migratory patterns” is a central element in Louisiana’s waterfowl management strategy. By considering the timing of peak migration, species-specific movements, weather influences, and habitat availability, the LDWF aims to establish seasons that provide recreational opportunities for hunters while ensuring the long-term sustainability of waterfowl populations within the state.
5. Population surveys
Population surveys represent a critical input in the determination of “when does duck season start in Louisiana.” These surveys, conducted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in collaboration with state wildlife agencies, provide essential data on waterfowl abundance and distribution across key breeding and wintering areas. Information gleaned from these surveys directly informs the establishment of hunting season frameworks, influencing both the timing and duration of hunting opportunities. For example, a decline in mallard populations detected through breeding ground surveys might lead to a more conservative hunting season framework, potentially delaying the opening date or reducing bag limits in Louisiana to protect the species. The surveys thus act as a crucial feedback mechanism, ensuring that hunting regulations are responsive to changing waterfowl population dynamics.
These surveys are not limited to simple headcounts. They encompass a variety of methods, including aerial surveys, banding studies, and harvest surveys, each providing unique insights into waterfowl populations. Aerial surveys provide an overview of population trends across large geographic areas, while banding studies offer information on survival rates, migration patterns, and harvest rates. Harvest surveys, conducted with hunter participation, provide data on the species composition of the harvest and the overall hunting pressure exerted on waterfowl populations. Data from all of these sources are integrated to create a comprehensive picture of waterfowl population status and trends, which is then used to fine-tune hunting regulations in Louisiana. An illustrative instance of this practice is the monitoring of mottled duck populations, a species of particular concern in Louisiana, where survey data directly impact management decisions regarding hunting season parameters.
In summary, population surveys are an indispensable component in the complex process of establishing “when does duck season start in Louisiana.” They provide the scientific basis for setting hunting regulations that promote sustainable waterfowl management and ensure the long-term health of waterfowl populations. The integration of data from multiple survey methods, combined with ongoing monitoring efforts, allows wildlife managers to adapt hunting regulations to changing environmental conditions and population trends, balancing recreational opportunities with the responsible stewardship of this valuable natural resource. Without these surveys, decisions are made with less concrete evidence, potentially leading to negative consequences for both waterfowl populations and the hunting tradition in Louisiana.
6. Habitat conditions
The suitability and availability of waterfowl habitat are pivotal factors influencing the establishment of hunting season dates, impacting considerations for “when does duck season start in Louisiana.” The ecological condition of Louisiana’s wetlands and agricultural lands directly affects waterfowl distribution, abundance, and overall health, thus dictating the optimal timing for regulated hunting activities.
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Water Level Management
Effective management of water levels within Louisiana’s coastal marshes and flooded agricultural fields is critical for providing foraging habitat for migrating waterfowl. Optimal water depths allow ducks to access submerged vegetation and invertebrates, which are essential food sources. The LDWF actively manages water levels in key waterfowl areas to maximize habitat availability. Deficient water management can lead to reduced carrying capacity of the habitat, potentially affecting the timing of waterfowl migration and subsequently impacting the decision of “when does duck season start in Louisiana.”
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Food Availability
The abundance and nutritional quality of food resources within waterfowl habitats influence the duration that ducks remain in Louisiana and their overall condition. Seeds from native plants, waste grains from agricultural fields, and aquatic invertebrates all contribute to the waterfowl food base. Habitat management practices that promote food availability are essential for attracting and retaining waterfowl. Limited food availability can result in waterfowl dispersing to other areas or experiencing reduced survival rates, factors that are considered when deciding on “when does duck season start in Louisiana,” as a compromised food base will limit population sustainability.
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Habitat Disturbance
Disturbances to waterfowl habitats, such as human encroachment, pollution, and invasive species, can negatively impact the carrying capacity of these areas. Minimizing habitat disturbance is crucial for maintaining healthy waterfowl populations. Management strategies include controlling access to sensitive areas, mitigating pollution sources, and controlling invasive plant species. Increased habitat disturbance can lead to decreased waterfowl presence and potential negative effects on their health and the ecosystem’s stability, potentially leading to more restrictive hunting regulations and affecting “when does duck season start in Louisiana.”
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Wetland Restoration and Creation
Louisiana has experienced significant wetland loss in recent decades due to coastal erosion, subsidence, and human development. Wetland restoration and creation projects are essential for mitigating these losses and enhancing waterfowl habitat. These projects involve restoring degraded wetlands, creating new wetlands from previously altered lands, and improving water management infrastructure. Successful wetland restoration efforts can increase waterfowl populations and expand hunting opportunities, impacting the consideration for “when does duck season start in Louisiana,” as healthier, stable populations warrant a stable hunting period.
The interplay of these various habitat conditions significantly influences waterfowl populations in Louisiana and subsequently impacts the determination of “when does duck season start in Louisiana.” By actively managing water levels, promoting food availability, minimizing habitat disturbance, and investing in wetland restoration, the LDWF aims to create optimal conditions for waterfowl and maximize sustainable hunting opportunities. Decisions are often made to accommodate the population numbers, and these numbers are directly impacted by the habitat conditions.
7. Hunter input
Hunter input represents a significant, albeit often nuanced, factor influencing the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries’ (LDWF) decisions regarding “when does duck season start in Louisiana.” While biological data and federal guidelines form the primary basis for these decisions, the LDWF recognizes the importance of incorporating the perspectives and experiences of the state’s hunting community.
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Surveys and Questionnaires
The LDWF regularly conducts surveys and distributes questionnaires to gather information from hunters regarding their preferences for season dates, bag limits, and other regulatory aspects. These surveys provide valuable insights into hunter satisfaction and help the LDWF gauge the potential impacts of different management strategies. For example, surveys might reveal a strong preference among hunters for an earlier opening date in certain zones, which the LDWF would then consider alongside biological data and other factors. The data from the surveys does not dictate the LDWF policy, but it is a crucial component that is evaluated.
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Public Meetings and Hearings
Public meetings and hearings offer a forum for hunters to voice their opinions and concerns directly to LDWF officials. These meetings provide an opportunity for open dialogue and allow the LDWF to explain its rationale for proposed regulations and to address any questions or concerns raised by the hunting community. The LDWF personnel use these interactions to not only disseminate their information, but to also understand the possible ramifications of their policies. This open communication helps foster transparency and trust between the LDWF and hunters, and it ensures that regulations are developed with consideration for the diverse perspectives of the hunting community.
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Advisory Committees
The LDWF often relies on advisory committees comprised of hunters, biologists, and other stakeholders to provide input on waterfowl management issues. These committees serve as a formal mechanism for incorporating hunter perspectives into the decision-making process. Committee members may be tasked with reviewing scientific data, evaluating proposed regulations, and making recommendations to the LDWF. These committees ensure that the LDWF has access to a wide range of expertise and perspectives when developing waterfowl management plans, and that there is a consensus across a spectrum of stakeholders.
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Informal Communication
Beyond formal channels, the LDWF also receives valuable input from hunters through informal communication, such as emails, phone calls, and personal interactions. This type of feedback can provide valuable insights into local conditions and emerging issues. The LDWF personnel are often receptive to this input, using it to inform their understanding of the challenges and opportunities facing waterfowl management in Louisiana. Although this communication is not recorded or used in formal policy decisions, it plays a crucial role in influencing policy makers.
Hunter input, gathered through these various channels, serves as an important complement to scientific data and federal guidelines in the determination of “when does duck season start in Louisiana.” By actively soliciting and considering the perspectives of the hunting community, the LDWF strives to develop regulations that are both biologically sound and socially acceptable, promoting sustainable waterfowl management while ensuring continued recreational opportunities for hunters.
8. Zone variations
Louisiana’s diverse geography and waterfowl habitats necessitate the implementation of hunting zones, which directly influence “when does duck season start in Louisiana.” The state is typically divided into multiple zones, each possessing distinct opening and closing dates for waterfowl hunting. These variations are not arbitrary; they are based on a combination of factors, including waterfowl migration patterns, habitat conditions, and historical hunting practices within specific regions. For instance, coastal zones that serve as primary wintering grounds for migrating ducks may have different season dates compared to inland zones where waterfowl presence is less concentrated. The establishment of these zones and their respective season dates is a direct response to the ecological diversity of the state and the need to manage waterfowl populations effectively within those unique contexts.
The practical significance of understanding these “Zone variations” is paramount for responsible hunting practices. Hunters must be aware of the specific zone in which they are hunting and adhere to the corresponding season dates and regulations. Failure to do so can result in citations and penalties. The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF) provides detailed maps and information regarding zone boundaries and regulations through its website and published hunting guides. It is incumbent upon hunters to consult these resources before engaging in any hunting activity to ensure compliance with all applicable laws. Furthermore, even within a single zone, there may be sub-zones with slightly different regulations, requiring a high level of awareness among hunters. For example, certain wildlife management areas within a zone may have restricted hunting dates or hours, further complicating the regulatory landscape.
In summary, “Zone variations” represent a crucial component in understanding “when does duck season start in Louisiana.” The implementation of hunting zones allows for tailored management strategies that account for the ecological diversity of the state and the specific needs of waterfowl populations within different regions. Hunters must be diligent in verifying the regulations applicable to their specific hunting location to ensure compliance and contribute to the sustainable management of Louisiana’s waterfowl resources. The interplay between federal guidelines, state regulations, and the specific location are thus vital components to be considered.
9. Annual adjustments
The establishment of “when does duck season start in Louisiana” is not a static event but a dynamic process subject to “Annual adjustments.” These adjustments are essential for adapting to ever-changing environmental conditions, fluctuations in waterfowl populations, and new scientific insights, ensuring the long-term sustainability of both waterfowl resources and hunting opportunities.
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Data-Driven Modifications
The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF) continually collects and analyzes data on waterfowl populations, habitat conditions, and hunter harvest rates. This data informs annual adjustments to hunting season dates, bag limits, and zone configurations. For example, a significant decline in a particular duck species detected through population surveys might trigger a more conservative hunting season framework, delaying the opening date or reducing bag limits to protect the species. Thus, data-driven modifications are a direct consequence of population analysis in the context of “when does duck season start in louisiana.”
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Regulatory Framework Updates
Federal guidelines and regulations regarding waterfowl management are periodically updated based on new scientific information and evolving conservation priorities. These updates can necessitate adjustments to state-level hunting regulations, including season dates and other rules. The LDWF must ensure that Louisiana’s hunting regulations are consistent with the federal framework, leading to annual adjustments to maintain compliance. A regulatory misalignment would threaten the integrity of the ecosystem.
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Adaptive Management Strategies
Adaptive management involves a cyclical process of monitoring, evaluating, and adjusting management strategies based on their effectiveness. The LDWF employs adaptive management principles to refine waterfowl hunting regulations over time. For instance, if a particular hunting zone consistently experiences low hunter success rates, the LDWF might adjust the season dates or hunting methods within that zone to improve hunting opportunities. Adjustments for adaptive management are necessary to ensure stable hunter-population ratios, impacting “when does duck season start in louisiana.”
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Stakeholder Engagement Impacts
While biological data and regulatory frameworks are paramount, input from hunters and other stakeholders also plays a role in annual adjustments. The LDWF solicits feedback from the hunting community through surveys, public meetings, and advisory committees. This feedback can inform decisions regarding season dates and other regulations, ensuring that hunting opportunities are aligned with the preferences and values of the hunting community, within the bounds of biological sustainability. This is a contributing factor, though not primary, for adjusting “when does duck season start in louisiana.”
The annual process of adjusting waterfowl hunting regulations, including “when does duck season start in Louisiana,” reflects a commitment to adaptive management and sustainable resource utilization. By continually monitoring waterfowl populations, incorporating new scientific information, and engaging with stakeholders, the LDWF strives to balance recreational opportunities with the long-term health of waterfowl populations and their habitats. This cyclical adjustment process recognizes the inherent variability in ecological systems and the need for flexibility in management strategies. Failing to account for these factors leads to a deterioration of the sport and ecosystem.
Frequently Asked Questions
This section addresses common inquiries regarding the commencement of duck hunting season in Louisiana, providing clarity based on established regulations and practices.
Question 1: Is there a fixed date for the opening of duck season in Louisiana?
No, a fixed calendar date does not exist. The specific opening date varies annually, determined by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF) in coordination with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS).
Question 2: What time of year does duck season typically begin?
While the exact date fluctuates, the season typically commences sometime in November.
Question 3: What factors influence the setting of duck season dates?
Factors influencing the setting of duck season dates include federal guidelines, waterfowl population surveys, habitat conditions, migratory patterns, and input from the hunting community.
Question 4: Where can official dates for the upcoming duck season be found?
Official dates are released by the LDWF in the late summer or early fall each year. Consult the official LDWF website and hunting regulations pamphlets for the most current and accurate information.
Question 5: Are there different duck hunting zones in Louisiana?
Yes, Louisiana is often divided into different hunting zones, each potentially having distinct opening and closing dates for waterfowl season. Consult the LDWF regulations for details.
Question 6: Are duck season dates subject to change after they are announced?
While uncommon, unforeseen circumstances could lead to adjustments. Monitoring official LDWF announcements for updates is advised.
These FAQs provide a general overview. Hunters should always consult official sources for the most up-to-date and accurate information.
The subsequent section will delve into resources for obtaining further details regarding Louisiana duck hunting season.
Tips for Planning Around the Louisiana Duck Season Commencement
The following provides practical guidance for planning hunting activities in anticipation of waterfowl season, given the variable nature of the season’s commencement.
Tip 1: Monitor Official LDWF Announcements: Regularly check the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF) website starting in late summer for official announcements regarding season dates. Relying on past years’ dates is insufficient, as dates are subject to annual adjustments.
Tip 2: Review Federal Framework Guidelines: Familiarize yourself with the federal framework established by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Understanding these guidelines provides context for the state’s specific regulations.
Tip 3: Identify the Appropriate Hunting Zone: Determine the precise hunting zone where activity will take place. Each zone may have different opening dates and regulations. Geographic awareness is essential for compliance.
Tip 4: Obtain Required Licenses and Permits Well in Advance: Secure all necessary licenses and permits, including a basic hunting license, a state waterfowl stamp, and a federal duck stamp, well before the anticipated season opening. Processing delays are possible, and hunting without proper documentation carries penalties.
Tip 5: Scout Hunting Locations: Scout potential hunting locations in advance to assess habitat conditions and waterfowl presence. This preparation allows for informed decision-making once the season opens.
Tip 6: Prepare Equipment and Gear: Ensure all hunting equipment and gear are in good working order well before the season’s start. This includes firearms, ammunition, decoys, blinds, and appropriate clothing.
Tip 7: Account for Potential Weather-Related Delays: Be prepared for potential weather-related delays or adjustments to season dates. Hurricanes, flooding, or other severe weather events can impact waterfowl distribution and hunting conditions.
Adherence to these suggestions enhances preparedness and ensures compliance with all applicable regulations. Informed planning contributes to both a successful and responsible hunting experience.
The subsequent conclusion will summarize the key aspects discussed throughout the article.
Conclusion
This exploration of “when does duck season start in Louisiana” has highlighted the confluence of federal guidelines, state regulations, ecological data, and stakeholder input that ultimately dictates the specific dates each year. The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, in conjunction with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, balances the need for sustainable waterfowl management with the provision of recreational opportunities for the hunting community. The complexities of migratory patterns, habitat conditions, and population surveys further contribute to the dynamic nature of this annual decision-making process.
Understanding the variable factors influencing the establishment of waterfowl hunting seasons is paramount for responsible participation in this tradition. Hunters are urged to remain vigilant, consulting official sources for the most current and accurate information, and to prioritize ethical and sustainable hunting practices to ensure the continued health and abundance of Louisiana’s waterfowl resources for generations to come. Only by adhering to this advice can we assure the presence of a duck hunting season each year.
