Striking a curb at a reduced speed involves a lower magnitude of force transferred to the vehicle. This contrasts with high-speed impacts, where component failure is often immediate and obvious. The result of such a low-speed event often manifests as subtle damage or misalignment, rather than dramatic breakage.
Recognizing the potential for gradual, less conspicuous problems following these impacts is crucial for vehicle longevity and safety. Addressing minor issues early on can prevent them from escalating into larger, more expensive repairs. The historical prevalence of durable vehicle suspensions has, at times, masked the significance of subtle alignment issues, potentially leading to premature wear.
The subsequent sections will detail the specific areas of a vehicle most susceptible to damage from this type of impact, the diagnostic procedures used to assess the extent of any harm, and the recommended preventative measures one can take to minimize the likelihood of lasting problems.
1. Wheel alignment disturbance
A low-speed curb strike, even if seemingly insignificant, frequently induces a wheel alignment disturbance. This occurs because the impact force, though diminished, is still sufficient to alter the angles governing wheel orientation relative to the vehicle’s chassis. These angles, specifically toe, camber, and caster, are precisely engineered to optimize tire contact, handling characteristics, and overall driving stability. The resulting disturbance can be subtle, initially undetectable to the driver, yet it systematically degrades vehicle performance.
The consequences of misaligned wheels extend beyond compromised handling. A primary effect is accelerated and uneven tire wear. For example, a vehicle with excessive toe-in will exhibit wear primarily on the inner edges of the tires. Similarly, incorrect camber angles can lead to wear on either the inside or outside shoulder of the tire. These wear patterns not only reduce tire lifespan, increasing replacement costs, but also diminish braking effectiveness, particularly in adverse weather conditions. Furthermore, a misalignment can contribute to increased rolling resistance, negatively impacting fuel economy. The subtle nature of these changes often allows them to progress unnoticed, intensifying the cumulative effect over time.
In summation, while a low-speed curb contact may appear innocuous, the potential for inducing wheel alignment disturbance presents a significant concern. Early detection and correction of these misalignments are crucial to preserving tire life, maintaining optimal handling, ensuring fuel efficiency, and safeguarding overall driving safety. Therefore, a professional alignment check is recommended following any curb impact, irrespective of the perceived severity of the event.
2. Tire sidewall abrasion
Tire sidewall abrasion constitutes a significant risk when a vehicle impacts a curb, even at low speeds. The sidewall, being the thinnest and most vulnerable portion of the tire, is particularly susceptible to damage from such encounters. The severity of abrasion depends on several variables, including the angle of impact, the curb’s surface roughness, and the tire’s inflation pressure.
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Initial Contact and Friction
The initial contact between the tire sidewall and the curb generates friction. This frictional force abrades the rubber compound, removing material and weakening the sidewall structure. The abrasive action is exacerbated by any existing imperfections on the curb’s surface, such as sharp edges or protrusions. For example, a tire scraping against a rough concrete curb will experience greater abrasion than one contacting a smooth, rounded curb. This initial abrasion weakens the tire, making it more susceptible to future damage or failure.
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Compromised Structural Integrity
Sidewall abrasion compromises the tire’s structural integrity. The sidewall contains reinforcing cords that provide strength and flexibility. Abrasion damages these cords, reducing their ability to withstand internal pressure and external forces. A compromised sidewall is more prone to bulges, blisters, and ultimately, blowouts. Consider a scenario where a tire rubs against a curb during a parking maneuver; the resulting abrasion, even if seemingly superficial, weakens the sidewall, increasing the risk of a blowout at highway speeds.
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Delayed Tire Failure
The effects of sidewall abrasion may not be immediately apparent. The damage can be insidious, gradually weakening the tire over time. Microscopic cracks and fissures develop in the abraded area, propagating with each rotation of the wheel. These cracks eventually compromise the tire’s ability to contain air pressure, leading to slow leaks or sudden deflation. An example is a tire that appears normal after a minor curb impact but subsequently develops a slow leak several weeks later, attributable to the initial sidewall abrasion.
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Inspection and Preventative Measures
Careful inspection of the tire sidewall following any curb contact is crucial. Examine the sidewall for any signs of abrasion, cuts, bulges, or blisters. A tire exhibiting any of these symptoms should be replaced immediately. Regular tire pressure monitoring is also essential, as a damaged sidewall may cause a gradual loss of air pressure. Taking these preventative measures mitigates the risk of tire failure and ensures continued safe vehicle operation.
In summary, tire sidewall abrasion represents a tangible consequence of seemingly minor curb impacts. The abrasion degrades the tire’s structural integrity, potentially leading to delayed tire failure. Regular inspection and timely replacement are essential strategies for mitigating this risk and maintaining vehicle safety.
3. Suspension component stress
Low-speed curb impacts, while seemingly innocuous, induce stress within a vehicle’s suspension system. This stress, although often below the threshold of immediate failure, accumulates and contributes to accelerated wear and potential long-term degradation of critical suspension components. The following points elaborate on specific aspects of this stress.
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Shock Absorber and Strut Strain
The sudden compression and rebound associated with a curb strike impart significant strain on shock absorbers and struts. These components are designed to dampen oscillations and maintain tire contact with the road. A low-speed impact can cause temporary over-compression, exceeding the damper’s designed range of motion and potentially leading to internal damage, seal degradation, and eventual loss of damping efficiency. For example, repeated minor curb contacts can gradually diminish a shock absorber’s ability to control wheel movement, resulting in a bouncier ride and reduced handling precision.
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Control Arm and Bushing Deformation
Control arms, responsible for connecting the wheel hub to the vehicle frame, and their associated bushings are subjected to significant stress during a curb impact. The impact force is transmitted through the control arm, potentially causing bending or deformation. Simultaneously, the bushings, typically made of rubber or polyurethane, absorb the impact energy. Over time, these bushings can compress, crack, or tear, leading to increased play in the suspension and diminished handling responsiveness. An example includes a vehicle experiencing a noticeable wobble or vibration at higher speeds following a series of minor curb strikes, indicative of worn control arm bushings.
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Ball Joint and Tie Rod End Loading
Ball joints and tie rod ends, critical for steering and suspension articulation, experience increased loading during a curb impact. The impact force places abnormal stress on these joints, accelerating wear and potentially leading to premature failure. Worn ball joints can cause clunking noises, imprecise steering, and compromised stability. Similarly, worn tie rod ends can result in excessive play in the steering system, leading to wandering and difficulty maintaining a straight line. The consequences of these issues can range from driver frustration to hazardous loss of control.
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Spring Fatigue
While less immediate than other forms of suspension stress, repeated curb impacts can contribute to spring fatigue. The constant compression and extension cycles, exacerbated by the additional stress of the impact, gradually weaken the spring steel. Over time, this can lead to sagging springs, reduced ride height, and compromised handling characteristics. A vehicle with fatigued springs may exhibit a lower stance, particularly on the side that frequently encounters curbs, and may also experience increased body roll during cornering.
In summary, low-speed curb contacts induce a spectrum of stresses within the suspension system, affecting shock absorbers, struts, control arms, bushings, ball joints, tie rod ends, and springs. These stresses, while often subtle, contribute to accelerated wear, diminished performance, and potentially hazardous handling characteristics. A thorough inspection of the suspension system following any curb impact, regardless of perceived severity, is crucial for identifying and addressing these issues proactively.
4. Rim cosmetic damage
Rim cosmetic damage is a frequent and readily observable consequence of low-speed curb impacts. The relatively soft alloys commonly used in wheel manufacturing are susceptible to scratching, gouging, and bending upon contact with the abrasive and unyielding surfaces of curbs. While often perceived as merely aesthetic imperfections, such damage can indicate underlying structural compromises and necessitate careful evaluation. The nature and extent of the cosmetic blemish directly correlate with the impact angle, speed, and the curb’s material composition. For instance, a glancing blow may result in superficial scratches, whereas a more direct impact could cause a noticeable gouge or even a bent rim edge. This visible indication serves as a primary signal for the need for further inspection.
The importance of addressing even minor rim cosmetic damage lies in preventing potential escalation. Scratches and gouges compromise the protective coating of the rim, exposing the underlying alloy to corrosive elements such as road salt and moisture. This can lead to accelerated corrosion, weakening the rim structure over time. Moreover, bent rim edges can disrupt the tire bead seal, causing slow air leaks and potentially leading to tire deflation. A seemingly insignificant scratch, therefore, can contribute to a more serious safety issue down the line. Ignoring visible damage can also mask more profound structural issues such as hairline cracks that compromise the wheel’s integrity.
In conclusion, rim cosmetic damage, while often dismissed as purely aesthetic, represents an important indicator of potential underlying structural compromise following a curb impact. Recognizing and addressing even minor cosmetic imperfections is crucial for preventing accelerated corrosion, maintaining tire pressure, and ensuring overall wheel integrity, thus contributing to vehicle safety and longevity. Professional inspection and repair or replacement, when necessary, are essential steps in mitigating the risks associated with curb-induced rim damage.
5. Steering system deviation
Steering system deviation, a measurable departure from intended steering geometry or performance, frequently results from low-speed curb impacts. Even minor contact can induce subtle yet consequential alterations within the steering linkage, influencing vehicle handling and directional stability. The following points detail specific facets of steering deviation arising from these events.
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Tie Rod Displacement
Tie rods, critical components connecting the steering rack to the wheel hubs, are vulnerable to displacement during curb strikes. The impact force can bend or distort the tie rods, altering the toe anglethe degree to which the wheels point inward or outward. Misaligned toe angles lead to uneven tire wear, reduced fuel efficiency, and a characteristic “wandering” sensation, requiring constant steering corrections. Consider a vehicle that tracks straight under normal conditions but exhibits a tendency to pull to one side after a low-speed curb encounter; this likely indicates tie rod displacement and subsequent toe misalignment.
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Steering Rack Misalignment
The steering rack itself can experience subtle misalignment due to impact forces transmitted through the steering linkage. Even slight rack misalignment can introduce play or “dead spots” in the steering, reducing responsiveness and creating a vague or disconnected feel. A driver may notice an increased range of steering wheel movement without a corresponding change in vehicle direction, indicative of steering rack misalignment. This reduced precision can be particularly problematic in emergency maneuvers.
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Power Steering System Stress
Power steering systems, designed to assist driver effort, are also susceptible to adverse effects from curb impacts. The sudden shock can damage internal components such as pumps, valves, or hoses, leading to reduced power assist or even complete system failure. Early signs of power steering damage might include unusual noises during steering, increased steering effort, or fluid leaks. The added stress on the system can accelerate wear and tear, potentially shortening its lifespan.
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Steering Column Shift
Although less frequent in modern vehicles with collapsible steering columns, a low-speed impact can still cause a shift or displacement within the steering column itself. This shift can affect the steering wheel’s alignment relative to the driver, creating discomfort and potentially obstructing airbag deployment in a subsequent collision. A misaligned steering wheel, noticeably off-center when driving straight, can indicate a steering column issue requiring immediate attention.
These deviations, though potentially subtle in their initial manifestation, underscore the importance of a thorough steering system inspection following any curb impact, regardless of the perceived severity. Early detection and correction of these issues can prevent further damage, maintain optimal handling characteristics, and ensure continued safe operation of the vehicle. Failing to address these deviations can lead to cascading failures within the steering system and compromised driver control.
6. Hub bearing preloading
A low-speed curb impact can significantly affect hub bearing preloading, the axial load intentionally applied to hub bearings during assembly. This preloading is crucial for bearing longevity, performance, and the maintenance of proper wheel alignment. The applied preload ensures optimal contact between the bearing’s rolling elements and races, minimizing play and preventing premature wear. An impact, however seemingly minor, can either increase or decrease this carefully calibrated preload, leading to detrimental consequences. For instance, a lateral force imparted by the curb strike can cause deformation within the hub assembly, altering the internal clearances and thus affecting the preloading. In cases where the preload is reduced, the bearing may experience excessive play, leading to vibration, noise, and accelerated wear. Conversely, an increase in preload can result in overheating, increased friction, and premature bearing failure. The sensitivity of hub bearings to these preload alterations underscores the importance of inspection following any curb strike, however gentle.
The practical significance of understanding this connection lies in preventing costly repairs and ensuring vehicle safety. A misaligned hub bearing, operating outside its designed preload range, compromises wheel stability and can negatively impact the effectiveness of braking and steering systems. Consider a scenario where a vehicle experiences a low-speed curb impact, unnoticed by the driver. Over time, the altered hub bearing preload leads to increased bearing wear and eventual failure. This failure manifests as a noticeable wheel wobble and a grinding noise, necessitating immediate replacement of the hub assembly. Early detection, achieved through a professional inspection following the curb strike, could have identified the altered preload and allowed for timely correction, preventing the more extensive damage and associated costs. Moreover, proper hub bearing preloading contributes to accurate functioning of the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) and Traction Control System (TCS), as these systems rely on precise wheel speed data provided by sensors integrated within the hub assembly. Changes in bearing preload can affect the sensor readings, potentially compromising the effectiveness of these critical safety systems.
In conclusion, the connection between hub bearing preloading and low-speed curb impacts highlights a subtle yet significant aspect of vehicle maintenance. Maintaining proper hub bearing preload is essential for ensuring bearing longevity, optimal wheel alignment, and the proper functioning of vital safety systems. The challenge lies in the often-undetectable nature of preload alterations following minor impacts. A proactive approach, involving a thorough inspection by a qualified technician after any curb strike, is paramount in safeguarding against premature bearing failure and preserving the overall safety and performance of the vehicle.
7. Frame subtle deformation
Frame subtle deformation, while often imperceptible to the naked eye and undetectable through casual observation, represents a potentially significant consequence of low-speed curb impacts. This deformation, defined as a slight alteration in the structural geometry of the vehicle’s frame or unibody, can arise from the localized stresses imparted during such impacts. Even minor deviations from the frame’s original specifications can have far-reaching effects on vehicle handling, safety, and long-term structural integrity.
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Localized Stress Concentration
A curb impact, even at a reduced speed, generates localized stress concentrations within the frame structure. These stresses, focused at the point of impact and along load-bearing members, can exceed the material’s elastic limit, leading to permanent deformation. The deformation may manifest as a slight bend, twist, or buckle in the frame rails or suspension mounting points. For instance, a glancing blow to the front wheel can transmit force up the suspension, subtly bending the corresponding frame rail. This seemingly minor distortion affects the overall geometry of the frame and influences subsequent wheel alignment.
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Impact on Suspension Geometry
Subtle frame deformation directly affects suspension geometry. The precise angles and relationships between suspension components are predicated on a perfectly aligned frame. Any deviation in the frame’s geometry alters these angles, leading to misalignment issues that cannot be fully corrected through standard alignment procedures. For example, a slight twist in the frame can cause one wheel to have a different camber angle than the other, resulting in uneven tire wear and compromised handling characteristics. This subtle change in geometry can be challenging to diagnose without specialized frame measuring equipment.
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Compromised Structural Integrity
Frame deformation, even if initially minor, compromises the vehicle’s overall structural integrity. The frame serves as the foundation upon which the entire vehicle is built, providing crucial support and protection in the event of a collision. A deformed frame is less capable of absorbing and distributing impact energy, increasing the risk of more severe damage to the passenger compartment in a subsequent accident. A vehicle with a subtly bent frame, therefore, poses a greater safety risk compared to one with an undamaged frame. The consequences of structural compromise become exponentially greater in high-speed collisions.
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Long-Term Wear and Fatigue
Subtle frame deformation contributes to accelerated wear and fatigue of other vehicle components. The altered geometry places additional stress on suspension components, tires, and even the drivetrain. For example, a frame that is slightly out of alignment can cause constant strain on the suspension bushings, leading to premature failure and requiring more frequent replacements. Moreover, the uneven weight distribution resulting from frame deformation can accelerate tire wear and reduce fuel efficiency. The cumulative effect of these stresses reduces the vehicle’s overall lifespan and increases maintenance costs.
The interplay between low-speed curb impacts and the resulting subtle frame deformation underscores the need for comprehensive vehicle inspection following such events. Unlike more obvious damage, frame deformation often goes undetected until it manifests as handling problems, uneven tire wear, or other related issues. Utilizing specialized frame measuring equipment and qualified technicians is essential for identifying and addressing these subtle structural compromises, ensuring vehicle safety and longevity. The failure to address even minor frame deformation can have significant long-term consequences, affecting vehicle handling, safety, and overall value.
8. Reduced driving safety
The repercussions of low-speed curb impacts extend beyond immediate and readily apparent damage, often manifesting as a subtle but significant reduction in driving safety. This diminished safety stems from a cascade of interconnected factors triggered by the impact, each compromising various aspects of vehicle control and stability.
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Compromised Steering Precision
A slight curb strike can induce subtle misalignments within the steering system, resulting in reduced steering precision. The driver may experience a less responsive steering feel, increased play in the steering wheel, or a tendency for the vehicle to wander from a straight path. Corrective measures demand greater driver attention and effort, increasing cognitive load and potentially delaying responses during emergency situations. For example, evasive maneuvers become less precise and more challenging to execute safely, elevating the risk of accidents.
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Degraded Tire Grip
Curb impacts often lead to uneven tire wear, particularly if wheel alignment is affected. This uneven wear reduces the contact area between the tire and the road surface, decreasing grip and traction. Diminished grip is especially problematic in adverse weather conditions such as rain, snow, or ice, increasing the likelihood of skidding and loss of control. A vehicle with compromised tire grip requires longer braking distances and exhibits reduced cornering stability, amplifying the potential for accidents.
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Diminished Suspension Performance
Even low-speed impacts impart stress on suspension components, potentially leading to reduced damping efficiency, worn bushings, or damaged ball joints. Degraded suspension performance compromises the vehicle’s ability to maintain stable contact with the road, particularly during cornering or over uneven surfaces. The vehicle may exhibit increased body roll, reduced responsiveness to steering inputs, and a tendency to bounce or vibrate excessively. These factors negatively impact vehicle stability and increase the risk of accidents, especially during sudden maneuvers.
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Compromised Braking Effectiveness
The subtle frame or suspension deformations resulting from a curb impact can influence the braking system’s effectiveness. For instance, changes in wheel alignment or suspension geometry can alter the weight distribution during braking, leading to uneven brake force application and increased stopping distances. Additionally, damage to hub bearings or other wheel-end components can affect the performance of anti-lock braking systems (ABS), potentially reducing their effectiveness in preventing wheel lockup during emergency braking situations. Extended stopping distances and compromised ABS performance significantly elevate the risk of collisions.
These interwoven factors, initiated by a seemingly minor curb impact, underscore the insidious nature of the resulting reduction in driving safety. The diminished steering precision, degraded tire grip, diminished suspension performance, and compromised braking effectiveness collectively contribute to a less predictable and less controllable vehicle, increasing the driver’s risk of accidents and highlighting the imperative for thorough post-impact inspections and prompt repairs.
Frequently Asked Questions
This section addresses common queries regarding the consequences of minor curb strikes and their impact on vehicle safety and performance.
Question 1: Is visible damage always indicative of the extent of harm after impacting a curb at low speed?
No, the absence of readily observable damage does not guarantee that no harm has occurred. Subtle misalignments, internal component stresses, and minor deformations may exist without presenting immediate visual cues.
Question 2: How frequently should a vehicle’s alignment be checked after a curb impact, even if seemingly insignificant?
A professional alignment check is recommended immediately following any curb impact, regardless of perceived severity. Early detection of misalignment can prevent accelerated tire wear and handling issues.
Question 3: Can low-speed curb impacts affect advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS)?
Yes, impacts can compromise the calibration of sensors used by ADAS, such as lane departure warning or automatic emergency braking, potentially affecting their accuracy and reliability. A recalibration may be necessary.
Question 4: What are the primary indicators of potential hub bearing damage after a curb strike?
Indicators include unusual noises (humming, grinding), excessive wheel play, and vibration at higher speeds. Prompt investigation is essential to prevent bearing failure.
Question 5: Are certain vehicle types more susceptible to damage from low-speed curb impacts?
Vehicles with low-profile tires or those equipped with sport suspensions tend to be more vulnerable due to reduced impact absorption and increased force transmission to the suspension and frame.
Question 6: What preventative measures can be taken to minimize the risk of damage when navigating near curbs?
Maintaining adequate tire inflation pressure, practicing careful maneuvering, and avoiding abrupt steering inputs near curbs can significantly reduce the likelihood and severity of impacts.
The information provided underscores the importance of recognizing potential consequences of seemingly minor incidents. Proactive inspection and maintenance are key to preserving vehicle integrity and ensuring continued driving safety.
The subsequent section will delve into specific diagnostic procedures employed to assess the extent of damage following a curb impact.
Mitigating Risks Associated with Low-Speed Curb Impacts
The following guidelines aim to minimize the potential for damage stemming from minor curb contacts and to ensure vehicle safety and longevity.
Tip 1: Employ Cautious Maneuvering: Exercise heightened awareness and precision when operating a vehicle in proximity to curbs. Slow speeds and deliberate steering adjustments minimize the risk of unintended contact.
Tip 2: Maintain Optimal Tire Inflation: Ensure tires are inflated to the manufacturer’s recommended pressure. Properly inflated tires provide enhanced impact absorption and reduce the likelihood of sidewall damage during curb strikes.
Tip 3: Conduct Regular Visual Inspections: Routinely examine tires and rims for any signs of abrasion, cuts, bulges, or bends. Early detection of damage allows for timely repair or replacement, preventing escalated problems.
Tip 4: Seek Professional Alignment Assessments: Schedule a professional wheel alignment check following any curb impact, regardless of perceived severity. Address any misalignment issues promptly to prevent uneven tire wear and handling instability.
Tip 5: Monitor Suspension Performance: Pay attention to any changes in ride quality, handling, or steering responsiveness. Unusual noises, vibrations, or excessive body roll may indicate suspension damage requiring attention.
Tip 6: Recalibrate ADAS Systems as Needed: If the vehicle is equipped with advanced driver-assistance systems, verify their calibration following a curb impact. Consult a qualified technician to ensure proper sensor alignment and functionality.
Adhering to these recommendations contributes to a proactive approach to vehicle maintenance, mitigating the long-term consequences of seemingly insignificant curb contacts.
The concluding section will summarize the key takeaways and reinforce the importance of diligent vehicle care in preserving safety and performance.
Consequences of Low-Speed Curb Impacts
The preceding analysis has elucidated the multifaceted consequences stemming from low-speed curb impacts. The subtle yet significant nature of resulting damage, ranging from wheel misalignment and tire abrasion to suspension component stress and frame deformation, warrants careful consideration. The implications extend beyond mere aesthetic concerns, impacting vehicle handling, safety, and long-term reliability.
The understanding of “what happens when you hit a curb slowly,” as detailed in this exposition, necessitates a heightened awareness among vehicle operators. Prompt inspection, professional assessment, and timely corrective actions are crucial for mitigating potential risks and preserving the integrity of the vehicle. Such diligence ensures continued driving safety and minimizes the likelihood of escalated and costly repairs, ultimately safeguarding the investment and well-being of the driver and passengers.
