The prevalence of zinc in animal tissues stems from its crucial role in numerous biological processes. As an essential trace element, zinc functions as a cofactor for a wide array of enzymes involved in metabolism, growth, and immune function. For instance, zinc is a structural component of enzymes like carbonic anhydrase, which aids in carbon dioxide transport, and superoxide dismutase, a vital antioxidant. These enzymes are ubiquitously present in animal cells, necessitating a consistent supply of zinc.
Zinc’s significance extends beyond enzymatic activity. It is integral to protein synthesis, DNA replication, and cell division. Additionally, zinc plays a key role in maintaining the structural integrity of proteins and cell membranes. Its presence is critical for proper immune system development and function, with zinc deficiency known to impair immune responses and increase susceptibility to infections. Historically, the understanding of zinc’s importance in animal health has led to the development of zinc supplementation strategies in livestock and pet nutrition to optimize growth, reproductive performance, and disease resistance.
