The delineation of maritime zones determines the boundary between a nation’s sovereign waters and the areas beyond national jurisdiction. This boundary is critical for defining where coastal states have the right to enforce their laws and exploit marine resources, and conversely, where the principle of freedom of the seas prevails. The universally recognized baseline for measuring these zones is the low-water line along the coast.
Establishing the outer limits of national jurisdiction is crucial for various reasons, encompassing resource management, security, and navigation. Historically, the concept of territorial waters evolved to balance the interests of coastal states with the rights of international navigation and fishing. Clear boundaries reduce potential conflicts and promote stability in maritime activities, facilitating international trade and cooperation.