Discoloration of a toenail to a black or dark hue often indicates a collection of blood beneath the nail plate. This subungual hematoma typically results from trauma to the toe, such as stubbing it or repetitive pressure from footwear during activities like running or hiking. The extent of discoloration reflects the amount of blood pooled. Less frequently, dark toenails can signal other underlying medical conditions.
Identifying the underlying cause of the nail discoloration is paramount to appropriate management and treatment. Prompt diagnosis can prevent potential complications such as infection or chronic nail deformities. Furthermore, distinguishing between a benign cause, like trauma, and a more serious one, such as melanoma, is crucial for patient well-being. Historically, improper footwear and high-impact sports have been associated with increased incidence of subungual hematomas, leading to preventative measures like properly fitted shoes and protective gear.
