The term applied to India stems from a combination of geographical separation, distinct geological features, and significant cultural differentiation. The region is demarcated from the rest of Asia by formidable natural barriers, primarily the Himalayan mountain range, the Hindu Kush, and the Bay of Bengal. These geographical features contribute to a discernible climatic and ecological distinction. This separates the region from the rest of the continent.
The designation acknowledges both the considerable landmass and the unique geological history. The Indian tectonic plate was once a separate landmass that collided with the Eurasian plate, resulting in the formation of the Himalayas. This distinct geological past, coupled with a long and rich history of civilization independent of many other Asian regions, reinforces the suitability of the descriptor. Its historical development fostered unique social, political, and economic structures.
