The reduction in garment size experienced after laundering and machine drying is primarily attributable to the combined effects of heat, moisture, and mechanical action. These factors cause fibers within the fabric to relax and revert to their original, pre-stretched state, resulting in overall dimensional changes.
Understanding these shrinking mechanisms is crucial for both textile manufacturers and consumers. Proper fabric selection, garment construction techniques, and adherence to care label instructions can minimize unwanted size alterations. Historically, natural fibers like cotton and wool have been more prone to shrinkage, leading to the development of pre-shrinking processes in the textile industry.