Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, is a chemical compound with amphoteric properties, meaning it can act as both an acid and a base. In swimming pool maintenance, it is primarily used to increase total alkalinity. A practical example involves testing pool water and finding that the total alkalinity level is below the recommended range, typically between 80 and 120 parts per million (ppm).
Maintaining proper alkalinity is crucial for pH stability. Low alkalinity causes pH to fluctuate rapidly, making it difficult to keep the water balanced and potentially leading to corrosion of pool surfaces and equipment. Balanced alkalinity, historically addressed through various methods including the use of lye, now benefits from the readily available and relatively safe sodium bicarbonate. This substance provides a buffered solution, resisting drastic pH changes and protecting the pool and its users.