7+ History: When Was Fuel Injection Invented?

when was fuel injection invented

7+ History: When Was Fuel Injection Invented?

The question of its origin is complex, as various forms of this technology emerged over several decades. The concept involves introducing fuel into an internal combustion engine by pressurized means, rather than relying on the Venturi effect as in carburetors. Early experimentation dates back to the late 19th century.

Its development significantly improved engine efficiency and reduced emissions compared to earlier fuel delivery systems. By precisely controlling the amount of fuel injected, optimizing combustion became more achievable. This resulted in enhanced performance, better fuel economy, and lower pollutant output. The technology’s benefits became increasingly apparent as environmental regulations tightened and demands for higher-performing vehicles grew.

Read more

9+ Reasons: Why No Heat After Epidural Steroid Injection?

why no heat after epidural steroid injection

9+ Reasons: Why No Heat After Epidural Steroid Injection?

Post-injection care following an epidural steroid administration typically involves specific instructions regarding the application of heat or cold. The absence of a recommendation to apply heat is a deliberate strategy aimed at minimizing potential complications and optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Heat application can increase blood flow to the injected area, potentially exacerbating inflammation and discomfort, counteracting the anti-inflammatory effects of the steroid medication.

The rationale for avoiding heat stems from a comprehensive understanding of the physiological effects of both inflammation and steroid medications. Steroids are potent anti-inflammatory agents. Increasing blood flow via heat application can disrupt the localized therapeutic environment established by the injection. Historically, post-injection protocols have evolved based on empirical observation and clinical research. Early practices may have varied, but current standards increasingly favor cold therapy or neither, prioritizing the reduction of inflammation and discomfort.

Read more

8+ Water Injection Trench: What's It Called?

what is the trench when water injection removal called

8+ Water Injection Trench: What's It Called?

The localized depression created on the seabed following the extraction of subsea infrastructure, often associated with water injection systems, is generally termed a “seabed gouge” or “excavation.” This refers to the physical void left behind after removing pipelines, umbilicals, or other components of the injection setup. The dimensions and characteristics of the “seabed gouge” will depend on the size and configuration of the infrastructure that was removed, as well as the sediment properties of the seabed. For example, a large pipeline removal will result in a more substantial “seabed gouge” than the removal of a smaller umbilical.

The formation of a “seabed gouge” carries environmental and operational implications. Environmentally, it can disrupt the benthic habitat, impacting marine life and potentially altering seabed morphology. Operationally, it poses risks to other subsea assets, such as trawling gear or future installation activities, if not properly managed. Historically, the creation of “seabed gouges” was not always a primary concern during decommissioning activities, leading to long-term environmental impacts. However, increasing environmental awareness and regulatory requirements have driven the development of strategies for mitigation and remediation.

Read more

Why Leqvio Costs $12000? Injection Price Factors

why does leqvio cost 000 for one injection

Why Leqvio Costs $12000? Injection Price Factors

Leqvio, also known as inclisiran, is a medication administered via injection to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), often referred to as “bad” cholesterol. The drug’s high price point, approximately $12,000 for a course of two initial injections followed by maintenance doses, stems from a complex interplay of factors typical of novel pharmaceutical products. These include research and development expenses, manufacturing costs, clinical trial investments, and market dynamics.

The elevated cost is justified, according to the manufacturer and supporting stakeholders, by several factors. Firstly, Leqvio offers a semi-annual dosing schedule, which can improve patient adherence compared to daily oral medications. This enhanced adherence potentially translates to better long-term cardiovascular outcomes, thereby reducing the overall burden of cardiovascular disease. The drug’s innovative mechanism of action, RNA interference, also contributes to the premium pricing, as it represents a significant advancement in cholesterol management. The patent protection granted to the drug allows the manufacturer a period of market exclusivity to recoup its investments. Historically, pharmaceutical companies invest heavily in research, development, and navigating regulatory approval processes, all of which influence the final cost of a medication.

Read more