The obligation to inform a suspect of their constitutional protections arises during custodial interrogations. This means the individual must be both in custody and subjected to questioning by law enforcement. “Custody” implies a deprivation of freedom associated with a formal arrest, or to a degree akin to a formal arrest. “Interrogation” refers to express questioning or its functional equivalent, encompassing any actions or words on the part of the police that are reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response from the suspect. For example, a person detained at a police station and asked about their involvement in a crime must be advised of their rights.
Adherence to this protocol is critical because it safeguards the Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination and the Sixth Amendment right to counsel. Failure to properly advise a suspect prior to a custodial interrogation can lead to the suppression of any statements made by that individual in subsequent legal proceedings. The landmark Supreme Court case that established these requirements significantly reshaped police procedures and continues to impact law enforcement practices. It ensures individuals are aware of their ability to remain silent and to have an attorney present during questioning, thus leveling the playing field during police interactions.
