Determining the precise moment the inaugural dedicated Christian house of worship came into existence is challenging due to limited archaeological evidence and varying definitions of what constitutes a “church building.” Early Christians primarily gathered in private residences, catacombs, or other existing structures. Therefore, pinpointing the initial purpose-built structure is a matter of ongoing historical and archaeological investigation.
Understanding the emergence of dedicated Christian architecture offers insight into the evolving social standing, theological perspectives, and organizational capacity of the early Church. As Christianity transitioned from a persecuted sect to a tolerated and eventually dominant religion within the Roman Empire, the need for larger, more permanent, and explicitly religious structures grew. These buildings became central to community life, liturgical practice, and the visual representation of the faith.