A dark discoloration beneath a toenail, often appearing as black, is typically caused by subungual hematoma. This condition involves blood accumulation under the nail plate, usually resulting from trauma. The pressure from the trapped blood manifests as the dark coloration. For instance, stubbing a toe, dropping a heavy object on the foot, or repetitive pressure from footwear can lead to this occurrence.
The presence of discoloration under a toenail, if due to subungual hematoma, is generally a benign condition. However, understanding the cause is important to differentiate it from other, potentially more serious conditions. Accurate diagnosis and management are essential to prevent complications and ensure appropriate treatment. Furthermore, recognizing the common causes empowers individuals to take preventative measures, such as wearing properly fitted shoes and protecting their feet from injury.