9+ Sarah Sherman Why Shirt Designs & Reactions!


9+ Sarah Sherman Why Shirt Designs & Reactions!

The phrase under consideration is a search term or query. It likely represents an interest in understanding the reason or justification behind a particular shirt associated with or designed by Sarah Sherman. It could be related to the design, a specific message conveyed by the garment, or a controversial element that has prompted inquiry.

Understanding the motivations and context behind artistic or design choices, such as those potentially reflected in this item of clothing, can provide valuable insight into the artist’s perspective and broader cultural trends. Examination can reveal commentary on social issues, personal narratives, or aesthetic preferences. Historical analysis may also uncover the background and evolution of similar expressions through fashion.

The subject may lead to broader discussions on the intersection of fashion and artistic expression, freedom of speech through clothing, and the ways in which clothing can serve as a medium for communication and social commentary. Further research into Sherman’s work and design philosophy might reveal the underlying purpose or intention relating to the apparel in question.

1. Design Intent

The phrase “sarah sherman why shirt” necessitates examination of the underlying design intent. Understanding the creator’s purpose is critical in deciphering the message or statement embodied within the garment. The design intent serves as the foundation upon which all other interpretations are built, dictating the garment’s aesthetic choices, symbolic representations, and intended audience impact.

  • Communicative Objective

    The communicative objective refers to the specific message the designer seeks to convey. This could be a social commentary, a political statement, an expression of personal identity, or simply an aesthetic pursuit. In the context of “sarah sherman why shirt,” determining this objective necessitates analyzing visual elements, textual components, and overall artistic style for clues about the intended communication. For instance, a shirt featuring provocative imagery may aim to challenge societal norms, while one employing subtle symbolism might encourage introspection. The effectiveness of “sarah sherman why shirt” hinges on the clarity and impact of its communicative objective.

  • Target Audience

    Identifying the target audience is essential for understanding the design’s intended impact. The designer tailors the message and aesthetic to resonate with a specific demographic or group. Analyzing “sarah sherman why shirt” demands consideration of who the shirt is meant to reach and influence. A shirt targeted at a niche community will likely employ different design strategies than one aimed at a broader audience. The cultural background, beliefs, and values of the target audience heavily influence the interpretation and reception of the design’s message. Failure to consider the target audience can lead to misinterpretations and diluted impact.

  • Symbolic Representation

    Symbolic representation refers to the use of symbols, imagery, and metaphors to convey deeper meanings beyond the literal. In “sarah sherman why shirt,” identifying these symbols and their associated meanings is crucial for deciphering the design’s intent. A specific color, a particular animal, or a recurring motif can all function as symbols. Understanding their cultural and historical context allows for a more accurate interpretation. For instance, a specific flower might symbolize hope in one culture but mourning in another. The effectiveness of the shirt’s message relies on the appropriate use and understanding of symbolic representation.

  • Aesthetic Choices

    Aesthetic choices, encompassing color palettes, typography, and overall visual style, contribute significantly to the design intent. The aesthetic presentation reinforces and amplifies the message. “Sarah sherman why shirt” merits close inspection of its aesthetic elements to understand how they contribute to the overall communicative goal. A minimalist design may convey simplicity and directness, while a more complex and visually rich design might signify intricacy and depth. The selected aesthetic choices work in tandem with the symbolic representation and communicative objective to create a cohesive and impactful message.

Therefore, analyzing the communicative objective, target audience, symbolic representation, and aesthetic choices reveals the design intent behind “sarah sherman why shirt.” By considering these multifaceted aspects, a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the garment’s purpose and potential impact can be achieved. Further exploration into Sherman’s design history and recurring themes would only solidify the initial interpretations.

2. Artistic Expression

Artistic expression, when considered in relation to “sarah sherman why shirt,” denotes the methods and avenues employed to communicate an idea, emotion, or commentary through the medium of a garment. Understanding how Sherman utilizes artistic expression can illuminate the underlying rationale and significance of the apparel.

  • Visual Language

    Visual language encompasses the elements of design, including color, form, typography, and imagery. These components work synergistically to convey a specific message or evoke a particular response. The visual language of “sarah sherman why shirt” warrants careful examination. For instance, the use of bold colors might signify defiance, while a stark monochrome palette could suggest austerity or seriousness. The arrangement and interaction of these elements contribute significantly to the overall artistic statement. This can be seen in protest t-shirts, where visual language is employed to communicate political messages.

  • Conceptual Narrative

    A conceptual narrative represents the story or underlying idea that the artwork intends to communicate. The narrative provides context and meaning to the artistic expression. “Sarah sherman why shirt” likely embodies a specific conceptual narrative, which may be personal, political, or social. Unveiling this narrative requires analyzing the shirt’s design elements, potential symbolism, and the artist’s known inclinations. Examining the shirt’s underlying conceptual narrative can contextualize its artistic expression within the broader framework of Sherman’s artistic practice, mirroring how many artists use their work to tell stories.

  • Subversive Elements

    Subversive elements involve intentional disruptions of conventional norms or expectations within the artwork. These elements serve to challenge established beliefs or prompt critical thought. “Sarah sherman why shirt” may incorporate subversive elements to provoke dialogue or confront uncomfortable truths. These elements could manifest as unconventional imagery, ironic juxtapositions, or controversial statements. The presence of subversive elements can enhance the artistic impact of the shirt, compelling viewers to question the status quo, similar to the way Dadaist art sought to critique societal norms.

  • Medium Specificity

    Medium specificity refers to the inherent qualities and limitations of the chosen artistic mediumin this case, a shirt. The artist must consider how the medium influences the expression and reception of the artwork. “Sarah sherman why shirt” necessitates recognition of the shirt as a wearable canvas. The shirt’s fabric, cut, and print techniques impact how the artistic expression is perceived and experienced. Recognizing the shirt’s medium-specific qualities enables a deeper appreciation of the artistic choices made and their intended effects. For example, screen-printing allows for bold graphics, whereas embroidery allows for more textured and subtle design elements that contribute to the artist’s expression.

By exploring the visual language, conceptual narrative, subversive elements, and medium specificity, the artistic expression embodied in “sarah sherman why shirt” can be better understood. Each facet contributes to the overall message and intent of the garment, reflecting Sherman’s artistic voice and potentially sparking dialogue and reflection.

3. Statement Purpose

The concept of “Statement Purpose,” when applied to “sarah sherman why shirt,” refers to the deliberate intention to communicate a specific message, viewpoint, or commentary through the design and wearing of the garment. It emphasizes the shirt not merely as clothing, but as a vehicle for conveying a carefully considered statement.

  • Advocacy and Awareness

    The shirt may serve as a form of advocacy, promoting awareness of a particular cause or issue. Examples include shirts displaying slogans supporting social justice movements or raising funds for charitable organizations. In the context of “sarah sherman why shirt,” the design could highlight a political stance, promote environmental protection, or express solidarity with a specific group. The efficacy of such advocacy hinges on the clarity and resonance of the message with the intended audience. If it is too esoteric, the message may be lost to the wearer and the viewing public.

  • Identity and Belonging

    Clothing frequently functions as a declaration of identity, signaling affiliation with a group, subculture, or ideology. The “sarah sherman why shirt” could express membership in a particular community, showcase personal values, or reflect a specific worldview. For instance, the shirt might feature symbols associated with a political party, a religious belief, or a shared interest. The wearer, in choosing to display these symbols, overtly communicates their identity to others. This is also a form of tacit communication; the wearer seeks out like-minded people to interact with.

  • Provocation and Dissent

    Shirts can be employed as instruments of provocation, challenging established norms, expressing dissent, or prompting critical dialogue. “Sarah sherman why shirt” might feature controversial imagery, ironic statements, or confrontational slogans designed to disrupt conventional thinking or challenge societal power structures. Such garments often aim to stimulate debate and encourage individuals to question the status quo. For example, a shirt bearing a slogan critical of government policy serves as a visible expression of dissent, inviting both support and opposition. The effectiveness of such garments is usually dictated by current public sentiment.

  • Personal Expression

    Beyond overt political or social messaging, clothing can serve as a canvas for personal expression, reflecting individual tastes, artistic preferences, or emotional states. The “sarah sherman why shirt” could embody a unique aesthetic, showcase artistic creativity, or communicate a personal narrative. For instance, a shirt featuring an original artwork might reflect the wearer’s artistic sensibilities, while one displaying a favorite quote could convey their philosophical leanings. The garment, in this context, becomes a form of self-representation, communicating aspects of the wearer’s personality and inner world.

In summary, the “Statement Purpose” underpinning “sarah sherman why shirt” underscores the garment’s role as a communicative tool. Whether advocating for a cause, expressing identity, provoking dissent, or facilitating personal expression, the shirt’s design and display are intended to convey a specific message to the world. Understanding this intention is critical to deciphering the garment’s overall significance and potential impact.

4. Social Commentary

The potential for “sarah sherman why shirt” to function as social commentary hinges on its design and messaging. Garments frequently serve as a medium for conveying critiques of societal norms, political ideologies, or cultural trends. In this context, the shirt’s imagery, text, or overall aesthetic could be deliberately crafted to challenge or question prevailing attitudes. For example, if the design incorporates symbols associated with marginalized communities, it might serve as a statement against discrimination or inequality. Similarly, a shirt featuring a satirical portrayal of a political figure could function as a critique of that individual’s policies or actions. The effectiveness of such social commentary depends on its clarity, relevance, and ability to resonate with an audience.

Examining Sherman’s existing body of work is crucial to interpreting any potential social commentary embedded within the shirt’s design. If Sherman has previously addressed specific social or political themes in her art, it is plausible that the shirt extends those themes. For instance, if her previous works have explored gender roles, the shirt might offer a feminist perspective on contemporary society. Alternatively, if her art has focused on environmental issues, the shirt could raise awareness about climate change or promote sustainable practices. Furthermore, the reception and interpretation of the shirt by the public play a significant role in shaping its meaning as social commentary. If the shirt generates widespread discussion and debate about a particular issue, its impact as a form of social critique is amplified.

Understanding the potential for “sarah sherman why shirt” to function as social commentary provides insight into the garment’s deeper meaning and intended impact. The shirt is not merely an item of clothing but a platform for expressing opinions, challenging perspectives, and engaging in broader social dialogues. The analysis of the artwork’s elements may lead to a better understanding of the garment’s intention and how successful it is in its mission.

5. Sherman’s Style

Analyzing “sarah sherman why shirt” necessitates a thorough understanding of Sherman’s established artistic style. The creator’s aesthetic choices, thematic preoccupations, and preferred modes of expression directly influence the shirt’s design and its potential interpretations. Sherman’s existing body of work serves as a crucial context for deciphering the message and intention behind the specific garment. Consistency in stylistic elements between the shirt and her broader artistic output strengthens the argument that the shirt is a deliberate extension of her established artistic vision.

For instance, if Sherman’s prior work frequently incorporates subversive humor or satirical commentary on societal norms, it is highly probable that “sarah sherman why shirt” also employs similar techniques. This could manifest as ironic juxtapositions, provocative imagery, or unconventional typography. Conversely, if Sherman is known for a more minimalist or abstract approach, the shirt might feature subtle visual cues and symbolic representations that require careful interpretation. To illustrate, Barbara Kruger’s use of Futura Bold Oblique typography and stark black and white images became intrinsically linked with her socio-political commentary; a similar consistency in Sherman’s style informs the interpretation of any of her potential designs. Identifying recurring motifs, color palettes, or compositional techniques across her work can provide valuable insights into the meaning and purpose of the shirt.

Ultimately, the connection between Sherman’s style and the design of the shirt dictates its significance. Recognizing and interpreting these stylistic elements allows for a more nuanced understanding of the garment’s message, its intended audience, and its potential impact as an artistic statement. Without proper consideration of Sherman’s established aesthetic language, interpretations of “sarah sherman why shirt” risk lacking critical context and may fail to capture the full depth of its meaning. Therefore, a stylistic analysis is an important step in understanding the shirt, as one would use a director’s filmography to understand their individual movies.

6. Public Reaction

Public reaction to “sarah sherman why shirt” is a crucial determinant of its overall significance and impact. The degree and nature of this reactionranging from indifference to strong endorsement or condemnationdirectly affect the shirt’s visibility, its effectiveness as a communicative tool, and its lasting influence on cultural discourse. Positive public reaction, such as widespread purchase or positive media coverage, amplifies the shirt’s message and expands its reach to a broader audience. Conversely, negative reaction, including boycotts, social media backlash, or critical reviews, can undermine the shirt’s intended purpose and damage the reputation of its creator. The initial response sets the stage for the shirt’s subsequent life as a cultural artifact.

The correlation between design intent and public perception significantly shapes the shirt’s success. If the public misinterprets the shirt’s message or finds it offensive, regardless of the artist’s original intent, the result is likely to be adverse public reaction. Conversely, if the public correctly perceives and appreciates the shirt’s message, positive support is more likely. Consider, for example, the public response to political T-shirts; those seen as promoting unity and understanding are generally viewed more favorably than those perceived as divisive or hateful. The “sarah sherman why shirt” is no different, its potential impact is dependent upon public sentiment. Examining the context and the public sentiment related to any underlying issues the garment addresses is therefore very important.

In conclusion, public reaction acts as a feedback loop, determining whether “sarah sherman why shirt” achieves its intended goals. The shirt’s fate hinges not just on its design or message, but also on how those elements are received and interpreted by the broader public. Monitoring public reaction helps determine future artistic endeavors and allows for an iterative design process, wherein feedback informs future creations and increases the chances of a positive reception. Understanding this dynamic is crucial for gauging success.

7. Controversy Source

Identifying the “Controversy Source” related to “sarah sherman why shirt” is essential for understanding potential negative reactions and the underlying factors that might contribute to public dispute. The source of contention may stem from various aspects of the design, message, or even the association with Sarah Sherman herself.

  • Provocative Imagery or Text

    Contentious elements frequently arise from imagery or text perceived as offensive, insensitive, or deliberately inflammatory. This can include symbols with historically negative connotations, slogans that promote divisive ideologies, or depictions that exploit sensitive topics. In the context of “sarah sherman why shirt,” if the design incorporates such elements, it might ignite controversy and result in strong public disapproval. Examples include shirts referencing divisive political figures or sensitive social issues. Such designs often trigger polarized responses, leading to boycotts, social media campaigns, and calls for the shirt’s removal from sale.

  • Misinterpretation of Intent

    Discrepancies between the artist’s intended message and its public reception can lead to unintended controversy. Even if the design is created with benign or artistic intentions, viewers might interpret it in ways that are offensive or misrepresentative. “Sarah sherman why shirt” could fall victim to such misinterpretations if its message is too abstract, relies on obscure symbolism, or fails to account for diverse cultural perspectives. A shirt intended as a statement of solidarity, for example, might be perceived as appropriative or patronizing. This underscores the importance of clear communication and careful consideration of potential audience reactions when creating potentially controversial content.

  • Association with Controversial Figure

    The connection of a product or artwork with a controversial figure can automatically trigger negative reactions, regardless of the item’s inherent qualities. If Sarah Sherman has faced public criticism or controversy in the past, her association with the shirt could become a source of contention. Past actions, statements, or affiliations of the artist may influence how the shirt is perceived, even if the design itself is relatively innocuous. This “guilt by association” can significantly impact the shirt’s reception and limit its potential reach. An example is when certain public figures endorse a product, their supporters and detractors may react in kind.

  • Violation of Social Norms or Values

    Shirts that challenge deeply held social norms or moral values are often met with resistance and controversy. This could include designs that promote disrespect for authority, undermine traditional family structures, or endorse behaviors deemed immoral by certain groups. If “sarah sherman why shirt” explicitly or implicitly contradicts prevailing social values, it is likely to face public opposition. For example, a shirt that mocks religious symbols might be considered blasphemous and generate outrage from religious communities. The perceived violation of social norms frequently leads to calls for censorship or restrictions on the distribution of the offending item.

Understanding these potential sources of controversy can help anticipate and mitigate negative reactions to “sarah sherman why shirt.” The design can be modified to avoid potential triggers and create a more socially acceptable product, but this can only be done if the controversy is seen as valid by the parties involved. Open communication and a willingness to engage with public concerns can also contribute to a more constructive dialogue and a more positive reception of the shirt and its intended message.

8. Symbolic Meaning

The presence of symbolic meaning within “sarah sherman why shirt” dictates the depth of its message and potential impact. The use of symbols transforms the garment from mere clothing into a carrier of cultural, social, or personal significance, encouraging viewers to engage in deeper interpretation.

  • Color Symbolism

    Colors possess inherent symbolic weight, often varying across cultures. The choice of colors in the shirt’s design can profoundly influence its perceived meaning. For example, red might signify passion or anger, while blue could represent peace or sadness. If the shirt utilizes a specific color palette, understanding its cultural associations is essential. A design featuring predominantly black and white might be interpreted as a statement about simplicity, while a vibrant array of colors might suggest diversity or celebration. Color symbolism works with other design choices to create an atmosphere.

  • Iconographic Representation

    The employment of specific images, icons, or motifs transforms a shirt into a visual text laden with historical and cultural references. A design featuring a clenched fist, for instance, typically symbolizes resistance and solidarity. A dove might represent peace, while a skull could signify mortality. Deciphering the iconographic elements within “sarah sherman why shirt” unlocks layers of meaning beyond the immediately apparent. The careful inclusion of these images dictates the underlying message or purpose of the work.

  • Textual Connotations

    Written words and phrases carry inherent symbolic weight, adding specific dimensions to the overall message. A slogan or quote featured on “sarah sherman why shirt” serves as a direct articulation of the artist’s intent or the message they wish to convey. The selection of font and typography also contributes to the symbolic meaning. A bold, assertive font might suggest confidence, while a delicate, flowing script could convey femininity or vulnerability. Analysis of the textual components is essential for grasping the shirt’s intended communication, as even a simple phrase can have multiple levels of meaning.

  • Placement and Juxtaposition

    The strategic arrangement of visual and textual elements contributes significantly to the symbolic meaning. The positioning of an image or slogan on the shirt, its relationship to other design elements, and its overall composition all influence how the message is interpreted. For example, a symbol placed near the heart might indicate a deeply held belief or personal connection, while a slogan positioned prominently across the chest commands immediate attention. The strategic use of placement and juxtaposition enriches the shirt’s capacity for symbolic communication. A design may be confusing or lost without it.

Ultimately, the interplay of these symbolic components determines the depth and complexity of “sarah sherman why shirt”. Recognizing and interpreting these symbols allows for a more nuanced understanding of the shirt’s message, its intended audience, and its potential impact as an artistic or social statement. Deciphering these symbols is important for proper analysis.

9. Garment Context

The “Garment Context” surrounding “sarah sherman why shirt” significantly influences its meaning and reception. This context encompasses the social, cultural, historical, and economic circumstances in which the shirt exists, directly impacting how its message is interpreted. The shirt’s appearance at a specific political rally, for example, will imbue it with political connotations, regardless of the designer’s original intent. Similarly, if the shirt gains popularity within a particular subculture, its meaning will be shaped by the values and beliefs of that group. Failing to consider these contextual factors can lead to misinterpretations and an incomplete understanding of the garment’s role as a form of communication.

Examining the historical precedents for using clothing as a medium for social commentary provides valuable insight into the significance of “garment context”. The suffragettes’ use of white clothing to symbolize purity and their fight for women’s rights, for instance, demonstrates how clothing can be strategically employed to convey a powerful message. Similarly, the adoption of specific styles by various subcultures, such as the punk movement’s rebellious fashion choices, reveals how clothing can serve as a visual declaration of identity and resistance. The “sarah sherman why shirt”, therefore, exists within a rich tradition of clothing as a medium for artistic and social expression. In practice, marketing and distribution strategies contribute to the garment’s context by dictating where and how it is sold and promoted, further shaping public perception.

In summary, the “Garment Context” surrounding “sarah sherman why shirt” is indispensable for a comprehensive understanding of its meaning and significance. By considering the social, cultural, historical, and economic factors surrounding the shirt, a more nuanced interpretation of its message and its impact can be achieved. Challenges in interpreting garment context include the need for interdisciplinary knowledge, awareness of cultural nuances, and recognition of the ever-changing social landscape. Its connection to art and social commentary remains ever important to consider.

Frequently Asked Questions

This section addresses common inquiries and potential misunderstandings regarding the design, purpose, and potential controversies surrounding the apparel in question.

Question 1: What is the underlying intention behind a shirt purportedly designed or associated with Sarah Sherman?

The core purpose centers on artistic expression, the conveyance of a message, and potentially, social commentary. Determining Sherman’s established artistic style and thematic preoccupations provides context. Consideration of any potential underlying narrative, symbolism, and target audience is crucial in deciphering design intent.

Question 2: Could the shirt be considered controversial, and if so, what might be the source of that controversy?

Potential sources include provocative imagery or text, misinterpretations of the design’s intent, or association with Sherman herself, particularly if she is a figure who has already received negative attention from the public. Analysis of the designs and themes could reveal the cause of controversy.

Question 3: How might the shirts cultural context influence its reception and interpretation?

Prevailing social norms, political climate, and cultural sensitivities significantly shape public perception. Designs challenging established values or norms are more likely to spark criticism or resistance. The timing of the shirt’s release relative to relevant social events can also impact its reception.

Question 4: How does an understanding of Sherman’s style help to interpret the shirt’s meaning?

Sherman’s style acts as a guide for correctly decoding the work. It establishes a baseline to which viewers can understand new designs, while consistent style elements offer the viewer an opportunity to understand the work.

Question 5: What role does public reaction play in shaping the shirts ultimate significance?

Public reaction serves as a feedback loop, indicating whether the message resonated as intended. The degree of acceptance or disapproval impacts the shirt’s visibility, its commercial success, and its legacy as a form of social or artistic expression.

Question 6: Is the shirt solely an item of clothing, or does it function as something more?

Depending on its design and intended purpose, the garment transcends its functional role to become a medium for self-expression, social commentary, or artistic statement. The presence of symbolic meaning and careful consideration of audience reception contribute to its elevated status.

In conclusion, understanding the intent, context, and potential controversies surrounding “sarah sherman why shirt” provides a framework for analyzing and interpreting its role as a communicative object within a broader cultural landscape. This approach fosters a balanced and informed perspective, encouraging viewers to engage with the garment critically and thoughtfully.

The succeeding section delves into specific design elements and artistic techniques that might be employed within the shirt’s composition.

Navigating “sarah sherman why shirt”

This section provides a series of actionable guidelines designed to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the search querys underlying subject matter. Adherence to these points will aid in contextualizing and interpreting potentially complex information.

Tip 1: Analyze Stylistic Consistency. Comparing the shirt’s design elements with Sherman’s established artistic style provides insight into its potential themes, messages, and artistic intent. Identifying recurring motifs, color palettes, or compositional techniques common to her work can reveal connections and deepen understanding.

Tip 2: Assess Potential Social Commentary. Examine the shirt’s imagery, text, and overall aesthetic for potential critiques of social norms, political ideologies, or cultural trends. Identifying specific targets of commentary can clarify the shirt’s intended message and its contribution to broader social discourse.

Tip 3: Investigate Symbolic Representation. Deciphering symbolic meaning within the shirt enriches understanding of its overall message. Analyzing color symbolism, iconographic representation, textual connotations, and element placement unveils cultural, social, or personal significance beyond the surface level.

Tip 4: Evaluate Target Audience Impact. Consider how the intended audience might interpret the shirt’s message, and how the message can affect them as a whole. Identify specific demographics or groups to whom the shirts message may apply. Consider the implications of appealing to specific audiences.

Tip 5: Clarify Design Intent and Target Audience. Knowing the intent of the designer can assist in interpreting the work. Analyzing visual elements, textual components, and overall style provides clues about intended communication. Is it meant to appeal to a small audience, or to a larger one?

Tip 6: Investigate Potential Controversy Sources. Identify any specific elements that might cause controversy. Determine any potential controversial figures or situations, and work to avoid such a combination.

These guidelines serve to inform a critical assessment of the search query “sarah sherman why shirt,” encouraging comprehensive inquiry into potential design elements and its broader cultural significance. These methods encourage readers to apply analytical frameworks and foster a deeper appreciation.

Having addressed analytical methods, the article shifts to its closing statements.

Conclusion

The phrase “sarah sherman why shirt” initiates an inquiry into the rationale, intent, and broader context surrounding a garment potentially designed by or associated with Sarah Sherman. This exploration necessitates examination of design intent, artistic expression, statement purpose, social commentary, and the artist’s established style. Analyzing public reaction, identifying potential sources of controversy, deciphering symbolic meaning, and considering the garment’s overall context provides a framework for understanding its cultural significance and potential impact.

The preceding discussion serves as a guide for interpreting the shirt’s complexities, encouraging critical evaluation and informed discourse. Future analyses should prioritize empirical data regarding design specifics and verified public responses to solidify understanding of this potential form of artistic and social expression. Further examination of Sherman’s career is recommended.