Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds the axons of nerve cells, forming an insulating layer. This layer is crucial for the proper functioning of the nervous system, allowing electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along nerve cells.
The presence of myelin significantly increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction. This rapid transmission is essential for a variety of bodily functions, including muscle movement, sensory perception, and cognitive processes. Furthermore, myelin provides protection to the nerve fibers, reducing the risk of damage. Disruption or degradation of this protective layer can lead to a range of neurological disorders, highlighting its importance in maintaining overall nervous system health.