These visual warnings indicate materials that react hazardously with water, potentially creating flammable, toxic, or explosive conditions. The presence of such labeling signifies the need for stringent control measures during storage, handling, and transportation to prevent unintended contact with moisture. For instance, substances like calcium carbide or metallic sodium necessitate these warnings due to their violent reactions upon exposure to even trace amounts of water.
The application of these warning signs is crucial for preventing accidents, protecting personnel, and safeguarding the environment. They serve as a constant reminder of the potential risks, ensuring that appropriate safety protocols are followed. Historically, inadequate labeling and a lack of awareness regarding water-reactive materials have resulted in significant incidents, highlighting the importance of standardized communication of these hazards. These visual aids are essential elements in a comprehensive hazard communication system, supporting safe handling practices.
Understanding the implications of such warnings is fundamental to maintaining safety across various industries, from chemical manufacturing to transportation and emergency response. Adherence to regulations concerning their use is paramount. Further examination of the specific regulations governing hazard communication, proper storage techniques for water-reactive materials, and emergency response procedures when incidents occur involving these materials will be discussed in subsequent sections.
1. Identification
Accurate identification of water-reactive materials is paramount. The warning sign serves as the primary visual cue, initiating the process of assessing and mitigating potential hazards. Its presence triggers a series of actions designed to prevent accidental contact with water and subsequent dangerous reactions.
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Visual Recognition
The placard’s distinct design typically featuring an image of water droplets striking a substance with a flame symbol allows for immediate recognition of a water-reactive hazard. This visual cue is universally understood, transcending language barriers and enabling quick identification by personnel. Examples include labeled containers of lithium aluminum hydride in chemical laboratories or shipments of calcium carbide on transport vehicles. Misidentification can lead to catastrophic consequences, underlining the importance of visual acuity and familiarity with the standard placard design.
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Material Classification
The warning implies a specific material classification, dictating handling and storage protocols. Materials bearing this labeling fall under strict regulatory guidelines outlined by bodies such as the DOT (Department of Transportation) and OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration). This classification informs the selection of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), spill containment measures, and emergency response procedures. For instance, potassium metal identified with such labeling requires storage under mineral oil to prevent contact with atmospheric moisture, a direct consequence of its classification as a water-reactive substance.
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Chemical Properties Awareness
The marking should prompt an immediate investigation into the specific chemical properties of the substance in question. This involves consulting safety data sheets (SDS) to understand the nature of the potential reaction with water, including the release of flammable gases, generation of heat, or formation of corrosive byproducts. For example, sodium reacts violently with water to produce hydrogen gas, a flammable substance, and sodium hydroxide, a corrosive base. Awareness of these properties informs risk assessment and the development of appropriate safety measures.
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Container Labeling Verification
Beyond the placard itself, verifying the accuracy of container labeling is crucial. This includes cross-referencing the warning sign with the material’s name, hazard statements, and precautionary measures outlined on the container label. Discrepancies between the placard and the container label necessitate immediate investigation and correction, as they indicate a potential error in labeling or handling procedures. Ensuring consistency in labeling practices across all stages of storage, transport, and use minimizes the risk of misidentification and associated hazards.
The effective use of these placards significantly enhances safety, provided it is part of a broader system that emphasizes correct material classification, a thorough understanding of chemical properties, and rigorous verification processes. The importance of correct labeling cannot be overstated, as it serves as the foundation for all subsequent safety precautions.
2. Hazard Communication
Effective hazard communication is paramount in mitigating risks associated with water-reactive materials. The presence of a visual warning on a container or storage location serves as an initial alert, activating a comprehensive system designed to disseminate critical safety information.
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Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
The warning mandates the availability of SDS, which provide detailed information about the chemical properties, potential hazards, and recommended safety measures for specific substances. For instance, the SDS for sodium metal would explicitly detail its violent reaction with water, the production of flammable hydrogen gas, and the necessary precautions for safe handling. These documents are essential reference points for personnel involved in the storage, handling, and use of the material.
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Employee Training Programs
Personnel handling materials marked with such warnings must receive comprehensive training on the associated hazards and safe handling procedures. Training programs should cover topics such as the interpretation of SDS information, the proper use of personal protective equipment, spill response procedures, and emergency contact information. For example, employees working with calcium carbide should be trained on the dangers of dust inhalation, the corrosive properties of calcium hydroxide produced when it reacts with water, and the importance of preventing water contact. Effective training translates the visual warning into practical knowledge and safe work practices.
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Container Labeling Requirements
Regulations mandate specific labeling requirements for containers holding water-reactive materials. These labels must clearly identify the substance, provide hazard statements describing the potential risks (e.g., “Reacts violently with water”), and offer precautionary measures for preventing accidents (e.g., “Keep container tightly closed and dry”). Consistent and accurate container labeling ensures that hazards are readily identifiable at all stages of handling and storage.
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Workplace Hazard Assessments
The presence of these specific warnings necessitates a thorough hazard assessment of the workplace to identify potential risks and implement appropriate control measures. This assessment should consider factors such as the quantity of water-reactive materials stored, the proximity of water sources, ventilation requirements, and the availability of emergency response equipment. For example, a laboratory storing lithium aluminum hydride must implement stringent controls to prevent accidental water exposure, including the use of desiccators, dry boxes, and dedicated spill response kits. Hazard assessments ensure that the visual warning is integrated into a comprehensive safety management system.
The implementation of these hazard communication elements serves to reinforce the visual message conveyed by the warning. By providing detailed information, comprehensive training, and rigorous safety assessments, organizations can effectively mitigate the risks associated with water-reactive materials and ensure the safety of personnel and the environment.
3. Emergency Response
Emergency response protocols are intrinsically linked to the presence of visual warnings on materials that react dangerously with water. These protocols dictate immediate and appropriate actions to mitigate potential hazards, protect personnel, and minimize environmental impact following an incident.
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Initial Assessment and Isolation
Upon recognition of the warning sign in an emergency scenario, the first step involves a rapid assessment of the situation. This includes identifying the specific material involved, evaluating the extent of the spill or leak, and determining the potential for water contact. Isolation of the affected area is crucial to prevent further spread of the contamination and to restrict access to authorized personnel only. For example, if a container of titanium tetrachloride, labeled with such a warning, is breached, the immediate response would be to establish a perimeter, preventing firefighters from using water to suppress any resulting fumes or fires.
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Appropriate Extinguishing Agents
The warning directly influences the selection of suitable extinguishing agents. Water is strictly prohibited for fires involving materials bearing this warning. Alternative agents, such as dry chemical extinguishers (Class D) specifically designed for metal fires or inert gases, must be employed. Misapplication of water can exacerbate the situation, leading to violent reactions, explosions, or the release of toxic gases. In the event of a fire involving sodium metal, identified by the warning, specialized extinguishing agents like Met-L-X are required to smother the flames safely.
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Spill Containment and Cleanup Procedures
Specific spill containment and cleanup procedures are dictated by the nature of the water-reactive material. Preventing water contact during the cleanup process is paramount. Absorbent materials designed for chemical spills, such as vermiculite or specialized spill pads, are used to contain the spill and prevent its spread. Contaminated materials must be collected, properly labeled, and disposed of in accordance with regulatory guidelines. For instance, if a spill of lithium aluminum hydride occurs, it must be carefully covered with a dry inert material, collected in a sealed container, and handled by trained personnel to prevent ignition.
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Requirements
Emergency responders must wear appropriate PPE to protect themselves from the hazards posed by water-reactive materials. This includes respiratory protection (e.g., self-contained breathing apparatus), chemical-resistant suits, gloves, and eye protection. The selection of PPE is based on the specific chemical properties of the material involved and the potential for exposure to toxic fumes, corrosive substances, or explosive hazards. Responders dealing with spills of silane gases, identifiable by the warning, would require full encapsulation suits and specialized respiratory equipment to prevent inhalation of toxic vapors.
These facets highlight the critical role of the warning in guiding emergency response actions. Understanding the specific hazards associated with each material and implementing appropriate protocols are essential for ensuring the safety of responders and minimizing the impact of incidents involving water-reactive substances.
4. Storage Requirements
The presence of the visual warning directly dictates stringent storage protocols for materials susceptible to dangerous reactions upon contact with water. These protocols aim to eliminate any possibility of unintended exposure to moisture, thereby preventing hazardous events. The warning acts as an immediate indicator, triggering the implementation of specific storage conditions tailored to the material’s reactivity. For instance, substances such as sodium metal or calcium carbide, marked with the warning, necessitate storage in tightly sealed containers under dry conditions, often within desiccators or moisture-controlled environments. Failure to adhere to these stringent storage mandates can result in spontaneous ignition, the release of toxic gases, or explosive reactions, underscoring the critical cause-and-effect relationship between proper storage and safety. The storage requirements is a mandatory component of the warning, as it communicates how to prevent the hazard from occurring in the first place.
Consider the practical example of storing magnesium turnings in a humid environment without proper desiccation. Atmospheric moisture can slowly react with the magnesium, generating hydrogen gas, a flammable substance. Over time, the accumulation of hydrogen within a closed container can create an explosion hazard. This scenario highlights the necessity of rigorous adherence to specified storage conditions, ensuring that materials bearing the warning are consistently protected from water exposure. Proper storage extends beyond simply placing materials in a dry location. It often requires specialized containers, climate-controlled environments, and continuous monitoring to maintain optimal conditions.
In summary, the link between the visual warning and storage necessities is inseparable. The warning signifies the potential for hazardous reactions if the material comes into contact with water, and the specified storage guidelines offer a practical means of mitigating this risk. Challenges remain in ensuring consistent adherence to these protocols across diverse storage facilities and during transportation. However, recognizing the imperative for proper storage as an integral part of the overall hazard communication strategy is essential for upholding safety standards and preventing incidents. The efficacy of the warning hinges on the meticulous implementation of appropriate storage practices.
5. Regulatory Compliance
Adherence to regulatory frameworks governing the handling, storage, and transportation of water-reactive materials is inextricably linked to the use of visual warnings. These regulations, often established by governmental bodies such as the DOT (Department of Transportation) and OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), mandate the placement of specific warnings on containers and storage areas to communicate the potential dangers associated with these substances. The presence of the warning is not merely a recommendation; it is a legal requirement designed to protect personnel, the public, and the environment. Non-compliance can result in significant penalties, including fines, legal action, and reputational damage. For instance, the DOT’s Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR) specify the design, placement, and maintenance of placards for various hazard classes, including materials that are “dangerous when wet”. Failing to properly placard a shipment of calcium carbide, a substance that reacts violently with water to produce acetylene gas, would constitute a violation of these regulations and could lead to severe consequences.
The importance of regulatory compliance as a component of warnings is multifaceted. It ensures that the warning is consistently applied across different industries and jurisdictions, creating a standardized system for hazard communication. It also provides a framework for training and education, ensuring that personnel are aware of the regulations and can properly interpret the meaning of the warning. Furthermore, regulatory oversight provides a mechanism for enforcement, holding organizations accountable for maintaining safe practices. For example, OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) requires employers to provide employees with information and training on the hazards of chemicals in their workplace, including water-reactive materials. This standard mandates the use of labels and SDS to communicate these hazards effectively. A company storing metallic sodium, a material that reacts violently with water, must comply with the HCS by providing appropriate warnings on containers and training employees on safe handling procedures.
In summary, the practical significance of understanding the connection between regulatory compliance and visual warnings lies in promoting a culture of safety and accountability. By adhering to established regulations and effectively implementing hazard communication programs, organizations can minimize the risk of accidents and protect the well-being of their workforce and the environment. However, challenges remain in ensuring consistent enforcement of regulations and in adapting them to address emerging hazards. Continuous monitoring and improvement of regulatory frameworks are essential to maintaining the effectiveness of warnings and promoting safe handling practices for water-reactive materials.
6. Material Segregation
Material segregation is a critical safety practice intricately linked to the display of warnings. It aims to prevent unintended interactions between incompatible substances, particularly those bearing the “dangerous when wet” designation. Proper segregation minimizes the risk of accidental reactions that could lead to fires, explosions, or the release of toxic fumes. The presence of the warning mandates strict adherence to established segregation protocols.
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Compatibility Assessment
Effective segregation begins with a thorough assessment of material compatibility. This involves identifying which substances should not be stored in close proximity due to potential adverse reactions. For instance, a container of sodium metal, clearly marked with a warning, should be stored away from any source of water or aqueous solutions. Similarly, acids and bases must be segregated to prevent exothermic reactions that could damage containers or release hazardous vapors. Compatibility charts and safety data sheets (SDS) serve as essential resources for determining appropriate segregation practices.
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Physical Barriers and Spacing
Physical barriers and adequate spacing are fundamental elements of material segregation. These measures prevent accidental contact in the event of a spill or container breach. For example, storing “dangerous when wet” materials in a separate room or dedicated cabinet provides a physical barrier against accidental water exposure. Maintaining sufficient spacing between incompatible materials reduces the likelihood of a domino effect, where one reaction triggers another. This can be achieved through the use of shelving units, dividers, or designated storage areas.
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Designated Storage Areas
Establishing designated storage areas for different hazard classes is a key component of effective segregation. These areas should be clearly labeled with appropriate signage, including the warning for water-reactive substances. This helps to ensure that materials are stored in the correct location and that personnel are aware of the potential hazards. Dedicated storage areas for “dangerous when wet” materials should be located in dry, well-ventilated environments, away from sources of water or humidity. Access to these areas should be restricted to authorized personnel only.
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Secondary Containment
Secondary containment provides an additional layer of protection in the event of a spill or leak. This involves using containers or structures that can contain the spilled material and prevent it from spreading to other areas. For example, storing containers of “dangerous when wet” materials within a larger, water-resistant container can prevent water from coming into contact with the substance in the event of a leak. Secondary containment is particularly important for materials that are highly reactive or toxic, as it can significantly reduce the potential for environmental contamination and human exposure.
These facets, guided by a strong warning, collectively serve to minimize the risks associated with handling and storing reactive materials. The presence of such warnings directly necessitates meticulous adherence to these segregation practices, forming an integral component of any comprehensive safety management system. Consistent implementation and reinforcement of these protocols are crucial for preventing incidents and ensuring the safety of personnel and the environment.
7. Risk mitigation
The presence of a “dangerous when wet placard” is intrinsically linked to risk mitigation strategies. The placard itself is a primary component of a comprehensive risk mitigation plan, acting as a visual warning to alert personnel to the potential for hazardous reactions upon contact with water. This initial alert triggers a series of preventative measures designed to minimize the likelihood and severity of incidents. For example, the placard informs decisions regarding appropriate storage conditions, mandating dry environments and sealed containers to prevent moisture exposure. Ignoring the warning and neglecting these precautions directly elevates the risk of a fire, explosion, or release of toxic fumes. The placard serves to cause immediate awareness of the potential reaction, which triggers a series of mitigating actions.
Further risk mitigation measures include employee training programs that emphasize the proper handling procedures for water-reactive materials. These programs educate personnel on the interpretation of safety data sheets (SDS), the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and emergency response protocols. For instance, a worker handling lithium aluminum hydride, identified by the placard, must be trained on the appropriate extinguishing agents to use in case of a fire, avoiding the use of water. The integration of the placard with robust risk mitigation practices is exemplified in industries such as chemical manufacturing and transportation, where strict adherence to safety regulations is paramount. Real-life examples include the prevention of fires and explosions in warehouses storing calcium carbide, where stringent moisture control measures are implemented as a direct consequence of the warning.
In summary, the placard plays a vital role in minimizing risks associated with water-reactive substances. Its presence necessitates a proactive approach to safety, encompassing proper storage, comprehensive training, and adherence to regulatory requirements. Challenges remain in ensuring consistent implementation of risk mitigation strategies across diverse industries and geographic locations. However, recognizing the placard as a key element in a broader risk management framework is essential for protecting personnel, safeguarding the environment, and preventing catastrophic incidents.
8. Personnel Training
Effective personnel training is indispensable for mitigating risks associated with materials identified by a “dangerous when wet placard.” The visual warning alone is insufficient; thorough training equips individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to handle these substances safely, interpret warning signs accurately, and respond appropriately in emergency situations.
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Hazard Recognition and Interpretation
Training programs must emphasize the ability to recognize and interpret the warning sign correctly. This includes understanding the symbol’s meaning, the types of materials it identifies, and the specific hazards these materials pose. For instance, training should clarify that the presence of the placard on a container of calcium carbide indicates the potential for a violent reaction and the release of flammable acetylene gas upon contact with water. A practical demonstration could involve showcasing examples of the placard on different types of containers and discussing the associated risks, thus avoiding improper storage practices that lead to hazardous situations.
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Safe Handling Procedures
Training must cover the specific safe handling procedures for each material bearing the placard. This includes proper storage techniques, such as maintaining dry environments and using sealed containers, as well as appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). For example, personnel handling sodium metal, when the placard is present, should be trained on the necessity of using dry gloves and eye protection to prevent burns from the corrosive sodium hydroxide formed during water contact. Demonstrations of the correct techniques for opening containers, transferring materials, and cleaning up spills are essential components of such training.
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Emergency Response Protocols
Personnel must be trained on emergency response protocols in the event of an incident involving water-reactive materials. This includes knowing how to contain spills, select appropriate extinguishing agents (avoiding water), and evacuate the area if necessary. Training should emphasize the importance of quick and decisive action, as well as clear communication with emergency responders. Simulation exercises can provide personnel with practical experience in responding to different scenarios, such as a fire involving magnesium turnings, thus ensuring a swift and coordinated response that minimizes the potential for harm.
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Regulatory Compliance and Documentation
Training should address relevant regulatory requirements related to the handling of water-reactive materials. This includes understanding OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard and DOT’s Hazardous Materials Regulations. Personnel should be trained on how to access and interpret Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for these materials and on the importance of maintaining accurate records of training and safety procedures. For example, personnel should be able to locate the SDS for lithium aluminum hydride, a substance carrying the placard, and understand the legal obligations regarding its safe handling and disposal, ensuring compliance with environmental and safety regulations.
In essence, comprehensive personnel training transforms the visual warning from a mere symbol into a foundation for informed action and safe practices. When training connects these facets, personnel are better equipped to proactively mitigate risks associated with materials that react violently with water, enhancing overall safety and regulatory compliance.
Frequently Asked Questions
This section addresses common inquiries regarding the “dangerous when wet placard” and its implications for safety and regulatory compliance.
Question 1: What specific substances necessitate the use of the “dangerous when wet placard”?
The “dangerous when wet placard” is required for materials that, upon contact with water, are liable to become spontaneously flammable or give off dangerous or flammable gases in dangerous quantities. Examples include calcium carbide, metallic sodium, and some organometallic compounds.
Question 2: What are the potential hazards associated with materials displaying the “dangerous when wet placard”?
Exposure to water can initiate violent reactions, potentially resulting in fires, explosions, and the release of toxic or flammable gases. These reactions pose significant risks to personnel, property, and the environment.
Question 3: What are the key elements of proper storage for materials requiring the “dangerous when wet placard”?
Materials bearing the “dangerous when wet placard” must be stored in tightly sealed containers in a dry, well-ventilated environment. Exposure to humidity or any source of water must be strictly avoided.
Question 4: What extinguishing agents should be used in case of a fire involving materials marked with the “dangerous when wet placard”?
Water must never be used to extinguish fires involving these materials. Appropriate extinguishing agents include dry chemical extinguishers (Class D) specifically designed for metal fires, or inert gases.
Question 5: What are the regulatory requirements for using and displaying the “dangerous when wet placard”?
The use and display of the “dangerous when wet placard” are governed by regulations such as the DOT’s Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR) and OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard (HCS). These regulations specify the placard’s design, placement, and maintenance, as well as training requirements for personnel handling these materials.
Question 6: What steps should be taken in the event of a spill involving materials identified by the “dangerous when wet placard”?
The first step is to isolate the area and prevent water from coming into contact with the spilled material. Appropriate spill containment and cleanup procedures, using dry absorbent materials, must be followed. Personnel must wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and ensure proper disposal of contaminated materials.
Understanding and adhering to these guidelines is crucial for maintaining safety when handling materials identified by the “dangerous when wet placard”.
The following sections will delve deeper into specific case studies and practical applications of these safety principles.
Safety Tips
Adherence to safety protocols concerning materials labeled with this specific warning is vital. The following recommendations emphasize preventative measures and appropriate responses to potential hazards.
Tip 1: Verify Material Identification
Always confirm the substance’s identity through its Safety Data Sheet (SDS). Cross-reference the name on the container with the corresponding information to understand the potential risks.
Tip 2: Ensure Proper Storage Conditions
Store materials bearing the warnings in dry, well-ventilated areas away from potential water sources. Use tightly sealed containers and consider desiccators for highly reactive substances.
Tip 3: Implement Strict Access Controls
Limit access to storage areas containing these materials to authorized personnel only. Implement a sign-in/sign-out procedure for added accountability.
Tip 4: Maintain Comprehensive Spill Response Kits
Keep spill kits readily available near storage and handling areas. These kits should include dry absorbent materials, personal protective equipment (PPE), and appropriate disposal containers. Kits should never include water-based cleaning solutions.
Tip 5: Provide Thorough Personnel Training
Regularly train personnel on the hazards associated with water-reactive materials, proper handling procedures, emergency response protocols, and the correct use of PPE. Make sure they know the exact chemicals that should avoid contact with each other.
Tip 6: Strictly Prohibit Water Use on Fires
In the event of a fire involving these materials, never use water. Employ dry chemical extinguishers (Class D) or inert gases to suppress the flames.
Tip 7: Establish Secondary Containment Measures
Use secondary containment systems, such as spill trays or berms, to prevent the spread of spills and contain any potential reactions.
These precautions are essential for minimizing the risks associated with materials identified by the warnings. Consistent adherence to these tips enhances safety and prevents incidents.
The final section summarizes the key considerations discussed throughout this document.
Conclusion
The preceding exploration underscores the critical significance of the “dangerous when wet placard” as a primary indicator of potential hazards associated with water-reactive materials. Its proper application and understanding are not merely matters of regulatory compliance but are fundamental to ensuring the safety of personnel, protecting property, and safeguarding the environment. From identification and hazard communication to emergency response, storage protocols, and risk mitigation strategies, the effectiveness of these placards hinges on a comprehensive system of preventative measures and responsible handling practices. A thorough understanding of all the aspects related to this hazardous symbol is crucial.
Therefore, sustained vigilance and continuous improvement in training, adherence to safety protocols, and proactive risk management are essential. The commitment to safe practices surrounding these materials must remain steadfast, recognizing that any lapse in attention or diligence can have severe and far-reaching consequences. With the correct material and proper warning, the potential for accidents with water-reactive substances can be greatly reduced.
