A situation where the cooling system continues to operate even after the power switch or thermostat setting indicates it should be inactive presents a functional anomaly. This can manifest as the blower motor continuing to circulate air, or the compressor remaining engaged in the refrigeration cycle, despite the user’s attempt to deactivate the system. For example, after setting the thermostat to “off” or disconnecting the remote control, the unit may persist in its cooling operation.
Addressing this operational problem is important for several reasons. Unnecessary energy consumption leads to increased utility costs. Premature wear and tear on system components can result in reduced lifespan and costly repairs. Moreover, if the issue involves the cooling process continuing unabated, it can lead to discomfort and potentially damage to the environment through increased energy use. Historically, troubleshooting such malfunctions required specialized knowledge and often involved contacting a qualified technician. However, increased access to information has empowered consumers to understand potential causes and implement basic diagnostic steps.
The ensuing discussion will delve into potential causes of this persistent operation, exploring common components that might malfunction and outlining basic troubleshooting steps. It will also cover when professional assistance is required to diagnose and resolve the underlying problem.
1. Stuck Relay
A stuck relay is a common cause of an air conditioning system continuing to operate after it has been switched off. Relays are electromechanical switches that control high-current circuits with a low-current signal. When a relay becomes stuck, it can maintain power to components even when the control signal is removed.
-
Function of Relays in AC Systems
Relays act as intermediaries, allowing the thermostat to control components such as the compressor and fan motor without directly handling the high voltage and current required to operate those components. They receive a signal from the thermostat and, if the signal indicates the component should be active, close the circuit to allow power to flow. This isolation of control and power circuits is crucial for safety and efficient operation.
-
Causes of a Stuck Relay
Relays can become stuck due to several factors, including physical wear and tear, corrosion, or overheating. Over time, the mechanical contacts within the relay can become pitted or fused together. Corrosion can develop on the contacts, hindering their ability to open and close properly. Overheating, often due to excessive current, can damage the relay’s internal components, leading to a stuck position. Debris and dust buildup could also hinder the free movement of the relay’s contacts. These failures often result in the relay remaining in a closed position, continuously powering the component it controls.
-
Impact on Compressor and Fan Operation
If a relay controlling the compressor is stuck in the closed position, the compressor will continue to run, even when the thermostat is set to “off.” This leads to continuous cooling, increased energy consumption, and potential damage to the compressor due to prolonged, unnecessary operation. Similarly, a stuck relay controlling the fan motor will cause the fan to run continuously, circulating air even when cooling is not required. The continuous operation of either the compressor or fan motor indicates a strong possibility of a relay malfunction.
-
Diagnosis and Resolution
Diagnosing a stuck relay typically involves visual inspection for physical damage and testing with a multimeter to check for continuity across the relay contacts when the control signal is removed. If the relay shows continuity even when it should be open, it is likely stuck. The typical resolution is to replace the faulty relay with a new one of the correct specification. It is important to ensure the replacement relay is rated for the appropriate voltage and current levels to prevent future failures.
The persistent operation of an air conditioning system after being turned off is frequently attributable to a stuck relay. This necessitates a thorough investigation of the relays associated with the compressor and fan, as their malfunction will lead to continuous, and often unwanted, operation of the system. Rectifying this issue requires the replacement of the faulty relay.
2. Thermostat Malfunction
A thermostat malfunction is a significant contributor to an air conditioning system’s failure to cease operation when switched off. The thermostat functions as the central control unit, directing the system to activate or deactivate based on temperature settings. When this component fails, it can transmit incorrect signals, leading to continuous operation.
-
Faulty Temperature Sensing
Thermostats rely on accurate temperature sensors to determine when to engage or disengage the cooling process. If the sensor provides inaccurate readings, the thermostat might perceive a need for cooling even when the actual temperature has reached the desired level or when the system is set to “off.” This can result from sensor drift, component failure, or physical obstructions affecting sensor readings. For example, a thermistor that has drifted out of its calibrated range could consistently report higher temperatures than actual, causing the air conditioner to run continuously.
-
Incorrect Wiring
Improper or damaged wiring can lead to erratic thermostat behavior, including sending continuous “on” signals to the air conditioning unit. Loose connections, corroded wires, or short circuits can disrupt the intended signal flow, causing the thermostat to command cooling even when it should not. An example includes a short circuit between the power and cooling wires within the thermostat, creating a constant activation signal.
-
Relay Problems Within the Thermostat
Similar to the relays within the air conditioning unit itself, the thermostat often contains relays that switch the cooling signal on and off. If a relay within the thermostat becomes stuck in the closed position, it will continuously send a signal to the air conditioner to run, regardless of the temperature setting. This malfunction replicates the effect of a stuck relay within the main unit, but the source of the problem lies within the thermostat control mechanism itself.
-
Calibration Issues
Thermostats require proper calibration to accurately reflect the relationship between set temperature and actual temperature. If a thermostat is poorly calibrated, it might not accurately reflect the ambient temperature, leading to improper operation. For instance, a thermostat calibrated to read several degrees higher than actual temperature will continuously call for cooling, even if the room is already at the desired temperature setting.
These multifaceted aspects of thermostat malfunction highlight its crucial role in controlling air conditioning system behavior. When the thermostat’s ability to accurately sense temperature, transmit signals, or switch circuits is compromised, the air conditioning system might continue to operate regardless of user input, necessitating diagnostic investigation and potential component replacement.
3. Wiring Issues
Faulty electrical connections within the air conditioning system can manifest in its continuous operation, irrespective of the power switch position or thermostat setting. Damaged, corroded, or improperly connected wiring serves as an unintended conduit, bypassing the normal control mechanisms. This bypass allows electrical current to flow to components like the compressor or fan motor, compelling them to run even when the system is ostensibly deactivated. For instance, insulation degradation can expose wires, leading to short circuits where power meant to be controlled by the thermostat is directly routed to the cooling components. The importance of intact and correctly wired circuits becomes evident when considering the air conditioner’s operational logic: a break in the intended circuit path or an unintended connection renders the control system ineffective.
The consequences of compromised wiring extend beyond mere inconvenience. Continuous operation increases energy consumption, resulting in higher utility bills. Furthermore, it subjects the compressor and other components to undue wear and tear, potentially shortening their lifespan and necessitating premature replacement. Consider a scenario where a wire supplying power to the compressor’s contactor develops a break, and a makeshift connection is attempted using inadequate materials. This connection might establish a permanent circuit, causing the compressor to operate constantly. Identifying and rectifying wiring issues requires careful inspection, using appropriate testing equipment to verify circuit integrity and continuity. Neglecting these issues can lead to more severe electrical faults and pose a safety hazard.
In summary, wiring problems represent a fundamental disruption in the air conditioning system’s control architecture. Whether through physical damage, corrosion, or improper connections, compromised wiring circumvents intended operational protocols, leading to uncontrolled component activity. Addressing these issues promptly through thorough inspection and professional repair is essential for restoring proper system functionality, minimizing energy waste, and ensuring safe operation. Furthermore, a lack of proper wiring maintenance can lead to complete system failure, leaving homeowners with hefty repair bills, or even needing to replace the entire air conditioner.
4. Fan Control
The fan control mechanism in an air conditioning system dictates the operational behavior of the blower fan. A malfunction in this system can result in the fan running continuously, even when the cooling cycle is complete and the thermostat is set to the “off” position. This persistent operation stems from various control circuit issues, where the electrical signal intended to deactivate the fan fails to execute. As such, the relationship between fan control and unintended continued operation is one of direct causation: a failure in the control mechanism directly manifests as unwanted activity.
Several factors can contribute to a malfunctioning fan control system. A faulty fan relay, for instance, may remain closed, constantly supplying power to the fan motor regardless of thermostat demand. Similarly, a defective fan control board, responsible for interpreting signals from the thermostat and translating them into actions for the fan, can issue incorrect commands, keeping the fan running. Wiring problems, such as short circuits or damaged connections, can also bypass the control system, providing a direct power supply to the fan motor. As an example, consider a scenario where the fan relay contacts become fused due to repeated arcing. This effectively creates a permanent electrical connection, forcing the fan to run continuously until the relay is replaced. Understanding the components and operational logic of the fan control system is critical for diagnosing and resolving these issues.
Addressing fan control issues promptly is important for several reasons. Continuous fan operation consumes unnecessary energy, leading to increased utility costs. It can also accelerate wear and tear on the fan motor, reducing its lifespan. Furthermore, in humid climates, continuous fan operation without active cooling can recirculate moist air, potentially leading to mold growth within the ductwork. Diagnosing the root cause of the issue, whether it be a faulty relay, a defective control board, or a wiring problem, requires a systematic approach. Given the electrical nature of these components, caution must be exercised during troubleshooting, and qualified personnel should be consulted if the complexity of the issue exceeds the capabilities of the individual. Repairing or replacing the faulty component will typically restore proper fan operation and prevent the undesirable consequence of continuous running.
5. Compressor Problem
The compressor, a critical component in the refrigeration cycle, experiences malfunctions that can lead to continuous operation even after the air conditioning system is ostensibly switched off. These compressor problems introduce significant inefficiencies and potential damage, impacting overall system performance. Understanding specific failure modes is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective repair.
-
Stuck Contactor
The contactor acts as an electrical switch, engaging or disengaging power to the compressor based on thermostat demand. If the contactor’s internal contacts become welded or stuck in the closed position, power will continuously flow to the compressor, forcing it to operate regardless of thermostat settings. For example, pitting on the contactor surfaces due to repeated arcing can cause them to fuse together, leading to constant compressor engagement. The implications include energy wastage, potential overheating of the compressor, and accelerated wear on the motor.
-
Internal Electrical Short
A short circuit within the compressor motor windings can provide a direct path for electricity, bypassing the control circuitry and causing the compressor to run continuously. Insulation breakdown between windings often triggers this type of fault. Consider a scenario where the compressor motor windings overheat, causing the insulation to degrade. The resulting electrical short allows current to flow regardless of the thermostat’s state. The consequence is continuous compressor operation, increasing the risk of further motor damage and potential system failure.
-
Faulty Start Capacitor
The start capacitor provides an extra surge of power needed to initiate the compressor motor’s rotation. If the start capacitor fails in a way that it remains engaged or provides an incorrect voltage, it can cause the compressor to attempt continuous starting cycles or run inefficiently, contributing to persistent operation. An example would be a bulging or leaking start capacitor that provides constant voltage, keeping the compressor motor energized. This often results in the compressor running intermittently or continuously in a degraded state, potentially damaging other components.
-
Refrigerant Overcharge/Undercharge
Improper refrigerant levels, whether too high or too low, can place undue stress on the compressor, leading to abnormal operation. An overcharged system might cause the compressor to work harder and potentially run longer than intended, even after the desired temperature is reached. Conversely, an undercharged system might result in the compressor continuously cycling in an attempt to reach the set temperature. For example, if a system is overcharged with refrigerant, the compressor may struggle to pump the excessive liquid, leading to overheating and extended run times. In both cases, the compressor’s abnormal activity can contribute to the system’s failure to shut down completely.
These various compressor problems highlight the interconnectedness of the system’s components and their impact on its overall function. Addressing compressor malfunctions promptly is vital not only to restore proper operation but also to prevent further damage to other system elements and minimize energy consumption. The persistent activation of the compressor, stemming from the aforementioned faults, underscores the importance of regular system maintenance and professional diagnosis when anomalies arise.
6. Contactor Failure
Contactor failure represents a significant cause of the persistent operation of an air conditioning system after it has been deactivated. The contactor serves as an electrically controlled switch, regulating power flow to the compressor and often the fan motor. Its primary function is to connect or disconnect these components from the power supply in response to signals from the thermostat. When the contactor malfunctions in a specific manner, typically through the welding of its internal contacts, it can create a permanent electrical connection, circumventing the intended control mechanism. The result is continuous power delivery to the compressor or fan, leading to their uninterrupted operation despite the thermostat indicating a shutdown state. This direct linkage between a compromised contactor and the inability to cease operation underscores the importance of the component’s integrity within the broader system.
Consider a scenario where the contactor’s contacts become fused due to repeated arcing during normal operation. The heat generated by these arcs can melt the contact surfaces, causing them to weld together. In this state, even when the thermostat signals for the air conditioning system to turn off, the compressor continues to run, consuming energy unnecessarily and potentially overheating. The practical consequence of this failure is increased utility costs and accelerated wear and tear on the compressor, reducing its lifespan. Regular inspection of the contactor, particularly in systems operating under heavy loads or in harsh environments, can help identify early signs of contact degradation and prevent this type of failure. Replacement of the contactor before complete failure occurs can avoid the undesirable outcome of continuous operation.
In summary, contactor failure presents a clear and direct pathway to the problem of an air conditioning unit continuing to operate when turned off. The component’s critical role in controlling power to major system elements means that any malfunction resulting in a permanently closed circuit will override thermostat commands and lead to persistent activity. Identifying and addressing potential contactor issues through preventative maintenance or timely replacement is crucial for maintaining energy efficiency, prolonging equipment lifespan, and ensuring the system responds appropriately to user controls.
7. Power Supply
The power supply to an air conditioning system is fundamental to its operation, and anomalies in its delivery or regulation can directly contribute to the issue of the unit continuing to run despite being switched off. A stable and properly functioning power supply is essential for the control circuitry to operate as intended and for the system to respond accurately to thermostat commands. Disruptions or inconsistencies in the power feed can compromise these functionalities, leading to unintended consequences, including persistent operation.
-
Voltage Fluctuations
Voltage fluctuations, characterized by transient spikes or dips in the supplied voltage, can disrupt the operation of the air conditioner’s control board and relays. These fluctuations may cause relays to remain energized or send spurious signals to the compressor and fan motor, overriding the off command. For instance, a sudden voltage surge caused by nearby electrical activity could momentarily weld relay contacts, leading to continuous operation. These unstable voltage conditions highlight the need for surge protection and a consistent power source to ensure reliable system performance. This unstable voltage conditions highlights the need for surge protection and a consistent power source to ensure reliable system performance.
-
Grounding Issues
Improper or inadequate grounding can introduce stray voltages and electrical noise into the system, interfering with the control circuitry’s ability to accurately interpret thermostat signals. A faulty ground connection may create alternative current paths, energizing components even when they should be inactive. An example is a corroded ground wire creating a high-resistance connection. The resulting voltage potential may be enough to keep a relay energized, causing the air conditioner to run continuously. Reliable grounding is, therefore, crucial for maintaining the integrity of the electrical control system.
-
Control Board Power Supply Failure
The control board, responsible for managing various functions of the air conditioning system, relies on a stable power supply to operate correctly. A failure within the control board’s power supply section, such as a failing capacitor or voltage regulator, can lead to erratic behavior, including the continuous activation of the compressor or fan. Imagine a scenario where a capacitor on the control board’s power supply degrades, causing a voltage drop that affects the relay control circuit. This can manifest as the relay staying energized even when the thermostat signals for the system to shut down. The integrity of the control board’s power supply is, thus, paramount to ensuring proper system response.
-
Loose Connections
Loose or corroded power connections can result in intermittent power interruptions or voltage drops that disrupt the normal operation of the air conditioning system. These disruptions can cause the control circuitry to behave unpredictably, potentially leading to a scenario where the system continues to run even after being turned off. For example, a loose wire connection at the main power disconnect switch could intermittently interrupt the power supply, causing the system’s control board to malfunction and keep the compressor running. Ensuring secure and clean power connections is essential for maintaining stable operation.
These power supply related facets demonstrate that maintaining a consistent, clean, and properly grounded electrical feed is vital to ensuring the air conditioning system responds accurately to control signals. Inconsistent or compromised power can lead to a variety of malfunctions, including the undesirable outcome of the unit continuing to operate even when switched off.
8. Frozen Coil
The formation of ice on an air conditioner’s evaporator coil, commonly referred to as a frozen coil, can indirectly cause the system to operate continuously despite being set to “off” or reaching the desired temperature. This persistent operation results from the protective mechanisms designed to prevent damage to the compressor. When ice accumulates, it restricts airflow across the coil, leading to a reduction in suction pressure within the refrigeration cycle. This reduced pressure can trigger the system’s low-pressure switch, which is designed to shut down the compressor to avoid potential damage. However, depending on the system’s design and the severity of the icing, the compressor might cycle on and off repeatedly in an attempt to function, or the system might enter a state where the fan continues to run in an effort to thaw the coil. The persistent fan operation, coupled with intermittent compressor activity, effectively leads to the air conditioner appearing to run continuously, even after the thermostat has signaled it to stop.
The causes of a frozen coil are multifaceted, including restricted airflow due to dirty air filters, blocked return vents, or closed supply registers. Low refrigerant levels also contribute significantly, as the reduced refrigerant charge lowers the coil’s temperature, increasing the likelihood of ice formation. Furthermore, malfunctioning components, such as a faulty thermistor or defrost timer, can prevent the system from initiating a defrost cycle, leading to ice buildup over time. In a practical example, consider a scenario where a homeowner neglects to replace a heavily soiled air filter. The restricted airflow causes the evaporator coil temperature to drop below freezing, leading to ice formation. The resulting low suction pressure triggers the low-pressure switch, cycling the compressor and causing the fan to run continuously in an attempt to thaw the ice. The homeowner, observing the persistent fan operation and the air conditioner’s inability to shut down completely, would correctly suspect a frozen coil as the underlying issue.
Addressing a frozen coil requires identifying and rectifying the root cause. Replacing a dirty air filter, unblocking vents, or recharging the refrigerant are common corrective measures. In cases of malfunctioning components, professional diagnosis and repair are often necessary. The practical significance of understanding the link between a frozen coil and continuous operation lies in enabling homeowners and technicians to quickly identify the problem and implement appropriate solutions. This proactive approach prevents further system damage, reduces energy waste, and restores the air conditioner’s normal operational behavior.
9. Control Board
The control board serves as the central processing unit of an air conditioning system, managing a multitude of functions including fan speed, compressor activation, and defrost cycles. A malfunction within this component can directly result in the persistent operation of the system even after the thermostat signals it to deactivate. The control board receives input from various sensors and the thermostat, processing this information to determine the appropriate operational state of the system’s components. When the control board fails to accurately process or transmit these signals, it can lead to unintended and continuous operation of the compressor, fan, or both. A specific example involves a faulty relay driver on the control board, which might supply continuous voltage to the compressor relay even when the thermostat is off, thereby forcing the compressor to run indefinitely. The integrity of the control board is, therefore, paramount to ensuring the system responds appropriately to user input and external conditions.
Further contributing to this problem are issues such as component degradation, software glitches, and electrical surges. Over time, capacitors, resistors, and other electronic components on the control board can degrade, leading to inaccurate signal processing and unpredictable behavior. Software glitches, while less common, can also cause the control board to misinterpret thermostat commands or sensor readings. Electrical surges, often caused by lightning strikes or power grid fluctuations, can damage sensitive components on the control board, resulting in permanent malfunctions. To illustrate, consider a scenario where a power surge damages the microcontroller on the control board, causing it to send a continuous “on” signal to the fan relay. In this instance, the fan will run perpetually until the control board is repaired or replaced. Proper surge protection and regular system maintenance can mitigate some of these risks.
In conclusion, the control board’s role as the central regulator of air conditioning system functions means that its failure can directly lead to the undesirable outcome of continuous operation. Understanding the potential causes of control board malfunction, from component degradation to electrical surges, is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective repair. Addressing these issues promptly not only restores proper system function but also prevents unnecessary energy consumption and potential damage to other system components. Therefore, a properly functioning control board is essential for maintaining efficient and responsive air conditioning operation.
Frequently Asked Questions
The following section addresses common inquiries regarding air conditioning systems that continue to operate despite being switched off, offering insights into potential causes and solutions.
Question 1: Why does an air conditioner continue to run after being turned off?
An air conditioning unit’s persistent operation after being deactivated is typically attributable to malfunctions in components such as relays, thermostats, or control boards. A stuck relay can maintain power to the compressor or fan motor, while a faulty thermostat might send incorrect signals. Electrical wiring issues can also contribute to this phenomenon.
Question 2: How can a stuck relay be identified as the cause of this problem?
A stuck relay is often identifiable through visual inspection for physical damage or testing with a multimeter to check for continuity across the relay contacts when the control signal is removed. If the relay exhibits continuity when it should be open, it is likely stuck and needs replacement.
Question 3: What role does the thermostat play in this situation?
The thermostat functions as the control center for the air conditioning system. A malfunctioning thermostat, due to a faulty temperature sensor, wiring issues, or internal relay problems, can send continuous “on” signals, leading to persistent operation.
Question 4: Can electrical wiring problems cause an air conditioner to run continuously?
Yes, damaged, corroded, or improperly connected wiring can bypass the normal control mechanisms, providing a direct path for electricity to components like the compressor or fan motor, compelling them to run even when the system is turned off.
Question 5: How does a frozen evaporator coil contribute to this issue?
A frozen evaporator coil restricts airflow, leading to reduced suction pressure. This can trigger the system’s low-pressure switch, causing the compressor to cycle on and off repeatedly, or the fan to run continuously in an attempt to thaw the coil. The continuous fan operation, in particular, gives the appearance of the air conditioner running continuously.
Question 6: When is it necessary to seek professional assistance for this problem?
Professional assistance is advisable when troubleshooting efforts involving electrical components or refrigerant handling are required, or when the root cause of the problem remains unclear after initial inspection. Qualified technicians possess the expertise and equipment to diagnose and repair complex issues safely and effectively.
In summary, persistent operation of an air conditioner after being turned off typically indicates a malfunction within the system’s control mechanisms. Identifying and addressing the root cause is essential for restoring proper functionality and preventing further complications.
The following section will provide a comprehensive guide on the steps one can take for troubleshooting.
Troubleshooting Air Conditioner Persistent Operation
Addressing an air conditioning system that continues to operate despite being switched off requires a systematic approach to identify and resolve the underlying issue. The following tips offer guidance for diagnosing and rectifying this operational anomaly.
Tip 1: Thermostat Verification: Ensure the thermostat is functioning correctly. Examine the thermostat settings, confirming that the system is set to “off” and not simply to a low temperature. If the thermostat is battery-powered, verify battery integrity. A malfunctioning thermostat can send erroneous signals, causing continuous operation.
Tip 2: Relay Inspection: Locate and inspect the relays within the air conditioning unit. A common cause of persistent operation is a stuck relay, which can maintain power to the compressor or fan even when the system is deactivated. A visual inspection may reveal physical damage, and a multimeter can be used to test relay continuity.
Tip 3: Wiring Examination: Conduct a thorough examination of the system’s wiring, looking for signs of damage, corrosion, or loose connections. Wiring faults can create unintended circuits, allowing power to flow to components even when the system is off. Pay particular attention to wiring near the thermostat and the compressor.
Tip 4: Air Filter Assessment: Assess the air filter’s condition. A dirty or clogged air filter restricts airflow, leading to reduced coil temperatures and potential icing. Icing can trigger protective mechanisms that cause continuous fan operation. Replace the air filter if it appears dirty or clogged.
Tip 5: Condenser Unit Check: Inspect the outdoor condenser unit for obstructions such as leaves, debris, or overgrown vegetation. Restricted airflow around the condenser unit can lead to overheating and abnormal system operation. Clear any obstructions to ensure adequate airflow.
Tip 6: Refrigerant Level Consideration: Low refrigerant levels can cause the evaporator coil to freeze, leading to continuous operation. While checking refrigerant levels requires specialized equipment and expertise, observing symptoms such as icing on the refrigerant lines may indicate a low refrigerant charge. Contact a qualified technician for refrigerant level assessment and recharge.
Tip 7: Power Supply Stability: Verify the stability and integrity of the power supply to the air conditioning unit. Voltage fluctuations or grounding issues can disrupt the control circuitry and lead to unpredictable behavior. Ensure that the system is connected to a stable power source and that grounding connections are secure.
Successfully addressing persistent air conditioner operation requires a methodical approach. By systematically evaluating these key components and conditions, one can often identify the root cause of the problem and implement appropriate corrective measures.
The concluding section will summarize the main point and discuss the importance of professional intervention where needed.
Conclusion
The persistent operation of an air conditioning system after deactivation, an issue frequently identified as “air conditioner keeps running when turned off,” stems from a variety of underlying causes, primarily involving malfunctioning components within the system’s control and power circuits. These causes include stuck relays, thermostat failures, wiring faults, frozen coils, and control board malfunctions. Addressing this anomaly requires a methodical approach, encompassing component inspection, circuit testing, and consideration of environmental factors.
Given the complexity of modern air conditioning systems and the potential safety hazards associated with electrical work and refrigerant handling, it is crucial to recognize the limitations of self-diagnosis and repair. When troubleshooting efforts prove unsuccessful or when the root cause remains elusive, seeking assistance from a qualified HVAC technician is strongly advised. Professional intervention ensures accurate diagnosis, safe and effective repairs, and the restoration of optimal system performance, minimizing energy waste and preventing potential equipment damage.
